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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "CATOPEN" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" catopen 
+.SH NAME
+catopen \- open a message catalog
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fB#include <nl_types.h>
+.br
+.sp
+nl_catd catopen(const char *\fP\fIname\fP\fB, int\fP \fIoflag\fP\fB);
+\fP
+\fB
+.br
+\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIcatopen\fP() function shall open a message catalog and return
+a message catalog descriptor. The \fIname\fP argument
+specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened. If \fIname\fP
+contains a \fB'/'\fP , then \fIname\fP specifies a
+complete name for the message catalog. Otherwise, the environment
+variable \fINLSPATH\fP is used with \fIname\fP substituted for
+the \fB%N\fP conversion specification (see the Base Definitions volume
+of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Chapter 8, Environment Variables). If \fINLSPATH\fP
+exists in the environment when the process
+starts, then if the process has appropriate privileges, the behavior
+of \fIcatopen\fP() is undefined. If \fINLSPATH\fP does not
+exist in the environment, or if a message catalog cannot be found
+in any of the components specified by \fINLSPATH\fP, then an
+implementation-defined default path shall be used. This default may
+be affected by the setting of \fILC_MESSAGES\fP if the value
+of \fIoflag\fP is NL_CAT_LOCALE, or the \fILANG\fP environment variable
+if \fIoflag\fP is 0.
+.LP
+A message catalog descriptor shall remain valid in a process until
+that process closes it, or a successful call to one of the
+\fIexec\fP functions. A change in the setting of the \fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+category may
+invalidate existing open catalogs.
+.LP
+If a file descriptor is used to implement message catalog descriptors,
+the FD_CLOEXEC flag shall be set; see \fI<fcntl.h>\fP.
+.LP
+If the value of the \fIoflag\fP argument is 0, the \fILANG\fP environment
+variable is used to locate the catalog without
+regard to the \fILC_MESSAGES\fP category. If the \fIoflag\fP argument
+is NL_CAT_LOCALE, the \fILC_MESSAGES\fP category is used
+to locate the message catalog (see the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables).
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.LP
+Upon successful completion, \fIcatopen\fP() shall return a message
+catalog descriptor for use on subsequent calls to \fIcatgets\fP()
+and \fIcatclose\fP(). Otherwise,
+\fIcatopen\fP() shall return ( \fBnl_catd\fP) -1 and set \fIerrno\fP
+to indicate the error.
+.SH ERRORS
+.LP
+The \fIcatopen\fP() function may fail if:
+.TP 7
+.B EACCES
+Search permission is denied for the component of the path prefix of
+the message catalog or read permission is denied for the
+message catalog.
+.TP 7
+.B EMFILE
+{OPEN_MAX} file descriptors are currently open in the calling process.
+.TP 7
+.B ENAMETOOLONG
+The length of a pathname of the message catalog exceeds {PATH_MAX}
+or a pathname component is longer than {NAME_MAX}.
+.TP 7
+.B ENAMETOOLONG
+Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result
+whose length exceeds {PATH_MAX}.
+.TP 7
+.B ENFILE
+Too many files are currently open in the system.
+.TP 7
+.B ENOENT
+The message catalog does not exist or the \fIname\fP argument points
+to an empty string.
+.TP 7
+.B ENOMEM
+Insufficient storage space is available.
+.TP 7
+.B ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix of the message catalog is not a directory.
+.sp
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+Some implementations of \fIcatopen\fP() use \fImalloc\fP() to allocate
+space for
+internal buffer areas. The \fIcatopen\fP() function may fail if there
+is insufficient storage space available to accommodate these
+buffers.
+.LP
+Conforming applications must assume that message catalog descriptors
+are not valid after a call to one of the \fIexec\fP functions.
+.LP
+Application writers should be aware that guidelines for the location
+of message catalogs have not yet been developed. Therefore
+they should take care to avoid conflicting with catalogs used by other
+applications and the standard utilities.
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIcatclose\fP() , \fIcatgets\fP() , the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fI<fcntl.h>\fP, \fI<nl_types.h>\fP, the Shell
+and Utilities volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .