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+.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
+.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
+.\"
+.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+.\" preserved on all copies.
+.\"
+.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+.\" permission notice identical to this one.
+.\" 
+.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
+.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
+.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
+.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
+.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
+.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
+.\" professionally.
+.\" 
+.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
+.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
+.\"
+.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+.\" Modified 1993-07-21 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
+.\" Modified 1996-07-09 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
+.\" Modified 1996-11-06 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+.\" Modified 1997-05-18 by Michael Haardt <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
+.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk16@ext.canterbury.ac.nz>
+.\"
+.TH CHOWN 2 2004-06-23 "Linux 2.6.7" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.SH NAME
+chown, fchown, lchown \- change ownership of a file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <sys/types.h>
+.br
+.B #include <unistd.h>
+.sp
+.BI "int chown(const char *" path ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
+.br
+.BI "int fchown(int " fd ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
+.br
+.BI "int lchown(const char *" path ", uid_t " owner ", gid_t " group );
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These system calls change the owner and group of the file specified by
+.I path
+or by
+.IR fd .
+Only a privileged process (Linux: one with the
+.B CAP_CHOWN
+capability) may change the owner of a file.
+The owner of a file may change the group of the file
+to any group of which that owner is a member.
+A privileged process (Linux: with
+.BR CAP_CHOWN )
+may change the group arbitrarily.
+
+If the
+.I owner
+or
+.I group
+is specified as \-1, then that ID is not changed.
+
+When the owner or group of an executable file are changed by a non-super-user,
+the S_ISUID and S_ISGID mode bits are cleared. POSIX does not specify whether
+this also should happen when root does the
+.IR chown ;
+the Linux behaviour depends on the kernel version.
+.\" In Linux 2.0 kernels, superuser was like everyone else
+.\" In 2.2, up to 2.2.12, these bits were not cleared for superuser.
+.\" Since 2.2.13, superuser is once more like everyone else.
+In case of a non-group-executable file (with clear S_IXGRP bit)
+the S_ISGID bit indicates mandatory locking, and is not cleared
+by a
+.IR chown .
+
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+On success, zero is returned.  On error, \-1 is returned, and
+.I errno
+is set appropriately.
+.SH ERRORS
+Depending on the file system, other errors can be returned.  The more
+general errors for
+.B chown
+are listed below.
+.TP
+.B EACCES
+Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix.
+(See also
+.BR path_resolution (2).)
+.TP
+.B EFAULT
+.I path
+points outside your accessible address space.
+.TP
+.B ELOOP
+Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
+.IR path .
+.TP
+.B ENAMETOOLONG
+.I path
+is too long.
+.TP
+.B ENOENT
+The file does not exist.
+.TP
+.B ENOMEM
+Insufficient kernel memory was available.
+.TP
+.B ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
+.TP
+.B EPERM
+The calling process did not have the required permissions
+(see above) to change owner and/or group.
+.TP
+.B EROFS
+The named file resides on a read-only file system.
+.PP
+The general errors for
+.B fchown
+are listed below:
+.TP
+.B EBADF
+The descriptor is not valid.
+.TP
+.B EIO
+A low-level I/O error occurred while modifying the inode.
+.TP
+.B ENOENT
+See above.
+.TP
+.B EPERM
+See above.
+.TP
+.B EROFS
+See above.
+.SH NOTES
+In versions of Linux prior to 2.1.81 (and distinct from 2.1.46),
+.B chown
+did not follow symbolic links.
+Since Linux 2.1.81,
+.B chown
+does follow symbolic links, and there is a new system call
+.B lchown
+that does not follow symbolic links.
+Since Linux 2.1.86, this new call (that has the same semantics
+as the old
+.BR chown )
+has got the same syscall number, and
+.B chown
+got the newly introduced number.
+.LP
+The prototype for
+.B fchown
+is only available if
+.B _BSD_SOURCE
+is defined (either explicitly, or implicitly, by not defining
+_POSIX_SOURCE or compiling with the -ansi flag).
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+The
+.B chown
+call conforms to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN.  The 4.4BSD version can only be
+used by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files).
+SVr4 documents EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP returns, but no
+ENOMEM.  POSIX.1 does not document ENOMEM or ELOOP error conditions.
+.PP
+The 
+.B fchown
+call conforms to 4.4BSD and SVr4.
+SVr4 documents additional EINVAL, EIO, EINTR, and ENOLINK error conditions.
+.SH RESTRICTIONS
+The \fBchown\fP() semantics are deliberately violated on NFS file systems
+which have UID mapping enabled.  Additionally, the semantics of all system
+calls which access the file contents are violated, because \fBchown\fP()
+may cause immediate access revocation on already open files.  Client side
+caching may lead to a delay between the time where ownership have
+been changed to allow access for a user and the time where the file can
+actually be accessed by the user on other clients.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR chmod (2),
+.BR flock (2),
+.BR path_resolution (2)