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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "UNIQ" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" uniq 
+.SH NAME
+uniq \- report or filter out repeated lines in a file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBuniq\fP \fB[\fP\fB-c|-d|-u\fP\fB][\fP\fB-f\fP \fIfields\fP\fB][\fP\fB-s\fP
+\fIchar\fP\fB][\fP\fIinput_file\fP \fB[\fP\fIoutput_file\fP\fB]]\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIuniq\fP utility shall read an input file comparing adjacent
+lines, and write one copy of each input line on the output.
+The second and succeeding copies of repeated adjacent input lines
+shall not be written.
+.LP
+Repeated lines in the input shall not be detected if they are not
+adjacent.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+The \fIuniq\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
+of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
+.LP
+The following options shall be supported:
+.TP 7
+\fB-c\fP
+Precede each output line with a count of the number of times the line
+occurred in the input.
+.TP 7
+\fB-d\fP
+Suppress the writing of lines that are not repeated in the input.
+.TP 7
+\fB-f\ \fP \fIfields\fP
+Ignore the first \fIfields\fP fields on each input line when doing
+comparisons, where \fIfields\fP is a positive decimal
+integer. A field is the maximal string matched by the basic regular
+expression: 
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB[[:blank:]]*[^[:blank:]]*
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+If the \fIfields\fP option-argument specifies more fields than appear
+on an input line, a null string shall be used for
+comparison.
+.TP 7
+\fB-s\ \fP \fIchars\fP
+Ignore the first \fIchars\fP characters when doing comparisons, where
+\fIchars\fP shall be a positive decimal integer. If
+specified in conjunction with the \fB-f\fP option, the first \fIchars\fP
+characters after the first \fIfields\fP fields shall be
+ignored. If the \fIchars\fP option-argument specifies more characters
+than remain on an input line, a null string shall be used
+for comparison.
+.TP 7
+\fB-u\fP
+Suppress the writing of lines that are repeated in the input.
+.sp
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+The following operands shall be supported:
+.TP 7
+\fIinput_file\fP
+A pathname of the input file. If the \fIinput_file\fP operand is not
+specified, or if the \fIinput_file\fP is \fB'-'\fP ,
+the standard input shall be used.
+.TP 7
+\fIoutput_file\fP
+A pathname of the output file. If the \fIoutput_file\fP operand is
+not specified, the standard output shall be used. The
+results are unspecified if the file named by \fIoutput_file\fP is
+the file named by \fIinput_file\fP.
+.sp
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+The standard input shall be used only if no \fIinput_file\fP operand
+is specified or if \fIinput_file\fP is \fB'-'\fP . See
+the INPUT FILES section.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.LP
+The input file shall be a text file.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+\fIuniq\fP:
+.TP 7
+\fILANG\fP
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
+are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
+for
+the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.TP 7
+\fILC_ALL\fP
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_COLLATE\fP
+.sp
+Determine the locale for ordering rules.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_CTYPE\fP
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
+of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
+opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files) and
+which characters constitute a <blank> in the current
+locale.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
+error.
+.TP 7
+\fINLSPATH\fP
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
+\&.\fP 
+.sp
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+The standard output shall be used only if no \fIoutput_file\fP operand
+is specified. See the OUTPUT FILES section.
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+If the \fB-c\fP option is specified, the output file shall be empty
+or each line shall be of the form:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%d %s", <\fP\fInumber of duplicates\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIline\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+otherwise, the output file shall be empty or each line shall be of
+the form:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%s", <\fP\fIline\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.TP 7
+\ 0
+The utility executed successfully.
+.TP 7
+>0
+An error occurred.
+.sp
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+Default.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+The \fIsort\fP utility can be used to cause repeated lines to be adjacent
+in the input
+file.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+The following input file data (but flushed left) was used for a test
+series on \fIuniq\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB#01 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#02 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo1
+#03 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#04
+#05 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#06 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#07 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo0
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+What follows is a series of test invocations of the \fIuniq\fP utility
+that use a mixture of \fIuniq\fP options against the
+input file data. These tests verify the meaning of \fIadjacent\fP.
+The \fIuniq\fP utility views the input data as a sequence of
+strings delimited by \fB'\\n'\fP . Accordingly, for the \fIfields\fPth
+member of the sequence, \fIuniq\fP interprets unique or
+repeated adjacent lines strictly relative to the \fIfields\fP+1th
+member.
+.IP " 1." 4
+This first example tests the line counting option, comparing each
+line of the input file data starting from the second
+field:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBuniq -c -f 1 uniq_0I.t
+    1 #01 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+    1 #02 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo0
+    1 #03 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+    1 #04
+    2 #05 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+    1 #07 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo0
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+The number \fB'2'\fP , prefixing the fifth line of output, signifies
+that the \fIuniq\fP utility detected a pair of repeated
+lines. Given the input data, this can only be true when \fIuniq\fP
+is run using the \fB-f\ 1\fP option (which shall cause
+\fIuniq\fP to ignore the first field on each input line).
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+The second example tests the option to suppress unique lines, comparing
+each line of the input file data starting from the
+second field:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBuniq -d -f 1 uniq_0I.t
+#05 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.IP " 3." 4
+This test suppresses repeated lines, comparing each line of the input
+file data starting from the second field:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBuniq -u -f 1 uniq_0I.t
+#01 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#02 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo1
+#03 foo0 bar0 foo1 bar1
+#04
+#07 bar0 foo1 bar1 foo0
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.IP " 4." 4
+This suppresses unique lines, comparing each line of the input file
+data starting from the third character:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBuniq -d -s 2 uniq_0I.t
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+In the last example, the \fIuniq\fP utility found no input matching
+the above criteria.
+.LP
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+Some historical implementations have limited lines to be 1080 bytes
+in length, which does not meet the implied {LINE_MAX}
+limit.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIcomm\fP , \fIsort\fP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .