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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "READONLY" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" readonly 
+.SH NAME
+readonly \- set the readonly attribute for variables
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBreadonly name\fP\fB[\fP\fB=\fP\fIword\fP\fB]\fP\fB...
+.br
+.sp
+readonly -p
+.br
+\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The variables whose \fIname\fPs are specified shall be given the \fIreadonly\fP
+attribute. The values of variables with the
+\fIreadonly\fP attribute cannot be changed by subsequent assignment,
+nor can those variables be unset by the \fIunset\fP utility. If the
+name of a variable is followed by = \fIword\fP, then the value of
+that
+variable shall be set to \fIword\fP.
+.LP
+The \fIreadonly\fP special built-in shall support the Base Definitions
+volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
+.LP
+When \fB-p\fP is specified, \fIreadonly\fP writes to the standard
+output the names and values of all read-only variables, in
+the following format:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"readonly %s=%s\\n", <\fP\fIname\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIvalue\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+if \fIname\fP is set, and
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"readonly %s\\n", <\fP\fIname\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+if \fIname\fP is unset.
+.LP
+The shell shall format the output, including the proper use of quoting,
+so that it is suitable for reinput to the shell as
+commands that achieve the same value and \fIreadonly\fP attribute-setting
+results in a shell execution environment in which:
+.IP " 1." 4
+Variables with values at the time they were output do not have the
+\fIreadonly\fP attribute set.
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+Variables that were unset at the time they were output do not have
+a value at the time at which the saved output is reinput to
+the shell.
+.LP
+.LP
+When no arguments are given, the results are unspecified.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+See the DESCRIPTION.
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+See the DESCRIPTION.
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+Not used.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+See the DESCRIPTION.
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+Zero.
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+Default.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBreadonly HOME PWD
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+Some historical shells preserve the \fIreadonly\fP attribute across
+separate invocations. This volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 allows this behavior, but does not require
+it.
+.LP
+The \fB-p\fP option allows portable access to the values that can
+be saved and then later restored using, for example, a \fIdot\fP script.
+Also see the RATIONALE for \fIexport\fP
+for a description of the no-argument and \fB-p\fP output cases and
+a related example.
+.LP
+Read-only functions were considered, but they were omitted as not
+being historical practice or particularly useful. Furthermore,
+functions must not be read-only across invocations to preclude ``spoofing''
+(spoofing is the term for the practice of creating a
+program that acts like a well-known utility with the intent of subverting
+the real intent of the user) of administrative or
+security-relevant (or security-conscious) shell scripts.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fISpecial Built-In Utilities\fP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .