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+.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, Ragnar Hojland Espinosa and A. Wik, 1998.
+.\"
+.\" This file may be copied under the conditions described
+.\" in the LDP GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 1, September 1998
+.\" that should have been distributed together with this file.
+.\" 
+.TH TOUCH 1 1998-11 "GNU fileutils 4.0"
+.SH NAME
+touch \- change file timestamps
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B touch
+.BI "[\-acm][\-r " ref_file "|\-t " time "] [\-\-] " file...
+.sp
+Obsolescent version:
+.br
+.B touch
+.BI "[\-acm][" ugly_time "] " file...
+.sp
+GNU version:
+.br
+.B touch
+.BI "[\-acfm] [\-r " file "] [\-t " decimtime ]
+.BI "[\-d " time "] [\-\-time={atime,access,use,mtime,modify}]"
+.BI "[\-\-date=" time "] [\-\-reference=" file ]
+.BI "[\-\-no\-create] [\-\-help] [\-\-version] [\-\-] " file...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B touch
+changes the access and/or modification timestamps of each
+specified
+.IR file .
+These timestamps are changed to the current time, unless
+the \-r option is specified, in which case they are changed
+to the corresponding timestamps of the file
+.IR ref_file ,
+or the \-t option is specified, in which case they are changed
+to the specified
+.IR time .
+Both times are changed when neither or both of the \-a and \-m
+options are given. Only the access or only the modification time
+is changed when one of the options \-a and \-m is given.
+If the file did not exist yet, it is created (as an empty file
+with mode 0666, modified by the umask), unless the \-c option is given.
+.SH "POSIX OPTIONS"
+.TP
+.B \-a
+Change the access time of
+.IR file .
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Do not create
+.IR file .
+.TP
+.B \-m
+Change the modification time of
+.IR file .
+.TP
+.BI "\-r " ref_file
+Use the corresponding timestamp of
+.I ref_file
+as the new value for the changed timestamp(s).
+.TP
+.BI "\-t " time
+Use the specified time as the new value for the changed timestamp(s).
+The argument is a decimal number of the form
+.br
+.nf
+    [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
+.br
+.fi
+with the obvious meaning. If CC is not specified, the year CCYY
+is taken to be in the range 1969-2068.
+If SS is not specified, it is taken to be 0. It may be specified
+in the range 0-61 so that it is possible to refer to leap seconds.
+The resulting time is taken as a time for the time zone specified by
+the environment variable TZ. It is an error if the resulting time
+precedes 1 January 1970.
+.TP
+.B "\-\-"
+Terminate option list.
+.SH "POSIX DETAILS"
+The second form of invocation has the disadvantage that there is
+some ambiguity as to whether
+.I ugly_time
+is a time or a file argument. It is taken to be a time when
+no \-r or \-t option is present, there are at least two arguments,
+and the first argument is an eight- or ten-digit decimal integer.
+The format of
+.I ugly_time
+is MMDDhhmm[yy], where an yy in the range 69-99 denotes a year
+in the range 1969-1999, and an unspecified yy denotes the current year.
+This form is obsolete.
+.SH "GNU DETAILS"
+If the first
+.I file
+would be a valid argument to the
+.B "\-t"
+option and no timestamp is given with any of the
+.BR "\-d" ,
+.BR "\-r"
+or
+.B "\-t"
+options and the `\-\-' argument is not given, that argument is
+interpreted as the time for the other files instead of as a file name.
+.PP
+If changing both the access and modification times to the current
+time,
+.B touch
+can change the timestamps for files that the user running it does
+not own but has write permission for.  Otherwise, the user must
+own the files.
+.SH "GNU OPTIONS"
+.TP
+.B "\-a, \-\-time=atime, \-\-time=access, \-\-time=use"
+Change the access time only.
+.TP
+.B "\-c, \-\-no\-create"
+Do not create files that do not exist.
+.TP
+.BI "\-d, \-\-date=" time
+Use
+.I time
+instead of the current time.  It can contain month names,
+time zones, `am' and `pm', etc.
+.TP
+.B "\-f"
+Ignored; for compatibility with BSD versions of 
+.BR touch (1).
+.TP
+.B "\-m, \-\-time=mtime, \-\-time=modify"
+Change the modification time only.
+.TP
+.BI "\-r " file ", \-\-reference=" file
+Use the times of the reference
+.I file
+instead of the current time.
+.TP
+.BI "\-t " decimtime
+Here
+.I decimtime
+has the format MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]
+Use the argument (months, days, hours, minutes, optional century
+and years, optional seconds) instead of the current time.
+Note that this format violates the POSIX specification.
+.SH "GNU STANDARD OPTIONS"
+.TP
+.B "\-\-help"
+Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
+.TP
+.B "\-\-version"
+Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
+.TP
+.B "\-\-"
+Terminate option list.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The variable TZ is used to interpret explicitly given times.
+The variables LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_MESSAGES have the
+usual meaning.
+.SH "CONFORMING TO"
+POSIX 1003.2 describes a syntax for the argument of the \-t option
+that differs from that used by the GNU implementation.
+.SH "EXAMPLE OF USE"
+The command `\fItouch foo\fP' will create the file \fIfoo\fP
+if it didn't exist, and change the time of last modification to now.
+It is often used to guide the actions of
+.BR make .
+.SH NOTES
+This page describes
+.B touch
+as found in the fileutils-4.0 package;
+other versions may differ slightly.