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diff --git a/man0p/unistd.h.0p b/man0p/unistd.h.0p new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfda92426 --- /dev/null +++ b/man0p/unistd.h.0p @@ -0,0 +1,1396 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved +.TH "<unistd.h>" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.\" <unistd.h> +.SH NAME +unistd.h \- standard symbolic constants and types +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +\fB#include <unistd.h>\fP +.SH DESCRIPTION +.LP +The \fI<unistd.h>\fP header defines miscellaneous symbolic constants +and types, and declares miscellaneous functions. The +actual values of the constants are unspecified except as shown. The +contents of this header are shown below. +.SS Version Test Macros +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined: +.TP 7 +_POSIX_VERSION +Integer value indicating version of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1 (C-language +binding) to which the implementation conforms. For +implementations conforming to IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, the value shall +be 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_VERSION +Integer value indicating version of the Shell and Utilities volume +of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1 to which the implementation +conforms. For implementations conforming to IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, +the value shall be 200112L. +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constant shall be defined only if the implementation +supports the XSI option; see \fIXSI Conformance\fP . +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_VERSION +.sp +Integer value indicating version of the X/Open Portability Guide to +which the implementation conforms. The value shall be 600. +.sp +.SS Constants for Options and Option Groups +.LP +The following symbolic constants, if defined in \fI<unistd.h>\fP, +shall have a value of -1, 0, or greater, unless +otherwise specified below. If these are undefined, the \fIfpathconf\fP(), +\fIpathconf\fP(), or \fIsysconf\fP() functions can be +used to determine whether the option is provided for a particular +invocation of the application. +.LP +If a symbolic constant is defined with the value -1, the option is +not supported. Headers, data types, and function interfaces +required only for the option need not be supplied. An application +that attempts to use anything associated only with the option is +considered to be requiring an extension. +.LP +If a symbolic constant is defined with a value greater than zero, +the option shall always be supported when the application is +executed. All headers, data types, and functions shall be present +and shall operate as specified. +.LP +If a symbolic constant is defined with the value zero, all headers, +data types, and functions shall be present. The application +can check at runtime to see whether the option is supported by calling +\fIfpathconf\fP(), \fIpathconf\fP(), or \fIsysconf\fP() with the indicated +\fIname\fP parameter. +.LP +Unless explicitly specified otherwise, the behavior of functions associated +with an unsupported option is unspecified, and an +application that uses such functions without first checking \fIfpathconf\fP(), +\fIpathconf\fP(), or \fIsysconf\fP() is considered to be +requiring an extension. +.LP +For conformance requirements, refer to \fIConformance\fP . +.TP 7 +_POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO +.sp +The implementation supports the Advisory Information option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO +.sp +The implementation supports the Asynchronous Input and Output option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_BARRIERS +.sp +The implementation supports the Barriers option. If this symbol has +a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED +The use of \fIchown\fP() and \fIfchown\fP() is +restricted to a process with appropriate privileges, and to changing +the group ID of a file only to the effective group ID of the +process or to one of its supplementary group IDs. This symbol shall +always be set to a value other than -1. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION +.sp +The implementation supports the Clock Selection option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_CPUTIME +.sp +The implementation supports the Process CPU-Time Clocks option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_FSYNC +.sp +The implementation supports the File Synchronization option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_IPV6 +The implementation supports the IPv6 option. If this symbol has a +value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL +The implementation supports job control. This symbol shall always +be set to a value greater than zero. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES +.sp +The implementation supports the Memory Mapped Files option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MEMLOCK +.sp +The implementation supports the Process Memory Locking option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE +.sp +The implementation supports the Range Memory Locking option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION +.sp +The implementation supports the Memory Protection option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING +.sp +The implementation supports the Message Passing option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK +.sp +The implementation supports the Monotonic Clock option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_NO_TRUNC +Pathname components longer than {NAME_MAX} generate an error. This +symbol shall always be set to a value other than -1. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO +.sp +The implementation supports the Prioritized Input and Output option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING +.sp +The implementation supports the Process Scheduling option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS +.sp +The implementation supports the Raw Sockets option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS +.sp +The implementation supports the Read-Write Locks option. This is always +set to a value greater than zero if the Threads option is +supported. If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall +have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS +.sp +The implementation supports the Realtime Signals Extension option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_REGEXP +The implementation supports the Regular Expression Handling option. +This symbol shall always be set to a value greater than +zero. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SAVED_IDS +Each process has a saved set-user-ID and a saved set-group-ID. This +symbol shall always be set to a value greater than zero. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SEMAPHORES +.sp +The implementation supports the Semaphores option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS +.sp +The implementation supports the Shared Memory Objects option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SHELL +The implementation supports the POSIX shell. This symbol shall always +be set to a value greater than zero. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SPAWN +.sp +The implementation supports the Spawn option. If this symbol has a +value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS +.sp +The implementation supports the Spin Locks option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER +.sp +The implementation supports the Process Sporadic Server option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO +.sp +The implementation supports the Synchronized Input and Output option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Stack Address Attribute option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Stack Size Attribute option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread CPU-Time Clocks option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Priority Inheritance option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Priority Protection option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Execution Scheduling option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Process-Shared Synchronization +option. If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it +shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread-Safe Functions option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER +.sp +The implementation supports the Thread Sporadic Server option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_THREADS +.sp +The implementation supports the Threads option. If this symbol has +a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TIMEOUTS +.sp +The implementation supports the Timeouts option. If this symbol has +a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TIMERS +.sp +The implementation supports the Timers option. If this symbol has +a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TRACE +.sp +The implementation supports the Trace option. If this symbol has a +value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER +.sp +The implementation supports the Trace Event Filter option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT +.sp +The implementation supports the Trace Inherit option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TRACE_LOG +.sp +The implementation supports the Trace Log option. If this symbol has +a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS +.sp +The implementation supports the Typed Memory Objects option. If this +symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_VDISABLE +This symbol shall be defined to be the value of a character that shall +disable terminal special character handling as described in +\fI<termios.h>\fP . This symbol shall always be set to a value other +than -1. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_C_BIND +The implementation supports the C-Language Binding option. This symbol +shall always have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_C_DEV +.sp +The implementation supports the C-Language Development Utilities option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall +have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM +The implementation supports at least one terminal type. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_FORT_DEV +.sp +The implementation supports the FORTRAN Development Utilities option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_FORT_RUN +.sp +The implementation supports the FORTRAN Runtime Utilities option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF +The implementation supports the creation of locales by the \fIlocaledef\fP +utility. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS +.sp +The implementation supports the Batch Environment Services and Utilities +option. If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it +shall have the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS_ACCOUNTING +.sp +The implementation supports the Batch Accounting option. If this symbol +has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the value +200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS_CHECKPOINT +.sp +The implementation supports the Batch Checkpoint/Restart option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS_LOCATE +.sp +The implementation supports the Locate Batch Job Request option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS_MESSAGE +.sp +The implementation supports the Batch Job Message Request option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_PBS_TRACK +.sp +The implementation supports the Track Batch Job Request option. If +this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_SW_DEV +.sp +The implementation supports the Software Development Utilities option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have +the value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_POSIX2_UPE +.sp +The implementation supports the User Portability Utilities option. +If this symbol has a value other than -1 or 0, it shall have the +value 200112L. +.TP 7 +_V6_ILP32_OFF32 +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and +\fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, and \fBpointer\fP types and +an \fBoff_t\fP type using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_V6_LP64_OFF64 +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP and 64-bit \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and +\fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +an \fBint\fP type using at least 32 bits and \fBlong\fP, +\fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP types using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32 (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.sp +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and +\fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.sp +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, and \fBpointer\fP types and +an \fBoff_t\fP type using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_XBS5_LP64_OFF64 (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.sp +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +32-bit \fBint\fP and 64-bit \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and +\fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.sp +The implementation provides a C-language compilation environment with +an \fBint\fP type using at least 32 bits and \fBlong\fP, +\fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP types using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_CRYPT +.sp +The implementation supports the X/Open Encryption Option Group. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_ENH_I18N +The implementation supports the Issue 4, Version 2 Enhanced Internationalization +Option Group. This symbol shall always be set to a +value other than -1. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_LEGACY +The implementation supports the Legacy Option Group. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_REALTIME +The implementation supports the X/Open Realtime Option Group. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS +The implementation supports the X/Open Realtime Threads Option Group. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_SHM +The implementation supports the Issue 4, Version 2 Shared Memory Option +Group. This symbol shall always be set to a value other +than -1. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_STREAMS +The implementation supports the XSI STREAMS Option Group. +.TP 7 +_XOPEN_UNIX +.sp +The implementation supports the XSI extension. +.sp +.SS Execution-Time Symbolic Constants +.LP +If any of the following constants are not defined in the \fI<unistd.h>\fP +header, the value shall vary depending on the +file to which it is applied. +.LP +If any of the following constants are defined to have value -1 in +the \fI<unistd.h>\fP header, the implementation shall +not provide the option on any file; if any are defined to have a value +other than -1 in the \fI<unistd.h>\fP header, the +implementation shall provide the option on all applicable files. +.LP +All of the following constants, whether defined in \fI<unistd.h>\fP +or not, may be queried with respect to a specific +file using the \fIpathconf\fP() or \fIfpathconf\fP() functions: +.TP 7 +_POSIX_ASYNC_IO +Asynchronous input or output operations may be performed for the associated +file. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_PRIO_IO +Prioritized input or output operations may be performed for the associated +file. +.TP 7 +_POSIX_SYNC_IO +Synchronized input or output operations may be performed for the associated +file. +.sp +.SS Constants for Functions +.LP +The following symbolic constant shall be defined: +.TP 7 +NULL +Null pointer +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for the \fIaccess\fP() +function: +.TP 7 +F_OK +Test for existence of file. +.TP 7 +R_OK +Test for read permission. +.TP 7 +W_OK +Test for write permission. +.TP 7 +X_OK +Test for execute (search) permission. +.sp +.LP +The constants F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK and the expressions \fIR_OK\fP|\fIW_OK\fP, +\fIR_OK\fP|\fIX_OK\fP, and +\fIR_OK\fP|\fIW_OK\fP|\fIX_OK\fP shall all have distinct values. +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for the \fIconfstr\fP() +function: +.TP 7 +_CS_PATH +This is the value for the \fIPATH\fP environment variable that finds +all standard utilities. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +initial options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a +programming model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, +and \fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +final options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP +types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +libraries to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP +types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +initial options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a +programming model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, and \fBpointer\fP +types, and an \fBoff_t\fP type using at least 64 +bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +final options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, and \fBpointer\fP types, +and an \fBoff_t\fP type using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +libraries to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP, \fBlong\fP, and \fBpointer\fP types, +and an \fBoff_t\fP type using at least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LP64_OFF64) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +initial options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a +programming model with 32-bit \fBint\fP and 64-bit \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, +and \fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LP64_OFF64) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +final options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP and 64-bit \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, +and \fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LP64_OFF64) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +libraries to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with 32-bit \fBint\fP and 64-bit \fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, +and \fBoff_t\fP types. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +initial options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a +programming model with an \fBint\fP type using at least 32 bits and +\fBlong\fP, \fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP types using at +least 64 bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +final options to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with an \fBint\fP type using at least 32 bits and \fBlong\fP, +\fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP types using at least 64 +bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS +If \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG) returns -1, the meaning of this +value is unspecified. Otherwise, this value is the set of +libraries to be given to the \fIc99\fP utility to build an application +using a programming +model with an \fBint\fP type using at least 32 bits and \fBlong\fP, +\fBpointer\fP, and \fBoff_t\fP types using at least 64 +bits. +.TP 7 +_CS_POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS +This value is a <newline>-separated list of names of programming environments +supported by the implementation in which the +widths of the \fBblksize_t\fP, \fBcc_t\fP, \fBmode_t\fP, \fBnfds_t\fP, +\fBpid_t\fP, \fBptrdiff_t\fP, \fBsize_t\fP, +\fBspeed_t\fP, \fBssize_t\fP, \fBsuseconds_t\fP, \fBtcflag_t\fP, \fBuseconds_t\fP, +\fBwchar_t\fP, and \fBwint_t\fP types are +no greater than the width of type \fBlong\fP. +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constants are reserved for compatibility with +Issue 5: +.LP +.sp +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for the \fIlseek\fP() +and \fIfcntl\fP() functions and shall have distinct values: +.TP 7 +SEEK_CUR +Set file offset to current plus \fIoffset\fP. +.TP 7 +SEEK_END +Set file offset to EOF plus \fIoffset\fP. +.TP 7 +SEEK_SET +Set file offset to \fIoffset\fP. +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined as possible values +for the \fIfunction\fP argument to the \fIlockf\fP() function: +.TP 7 +F_LOCK +Lock a section for exclusive use. +.TP 7 +F_TEST +Test section for locks by other processes. +.TP 7 +F_TLOCK +Test and lock a section for exclusive use. +.TP 7 +F_ULOCK +Unlock locked sections. +.sp +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for \fIpathconf\fP(): +.LP +.sp +_PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN +.br +_PC_ASYNC_IO +.br +_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED +.br +_PC_FILESIZEBITS +.br +_PC_LINK_MAX +.br +_PC_MAX_CANON +.br +_PC_MAX_INPUT +.br +_PC_NAME_MAX +.br +_PC_NO_TRUNC +.br +_PC_PATH_MAX +.br +_PC_PIPE_BUF +.br +_PC_PRIO_IO +.br +_PC_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE +.br +_PC_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE +.br +_PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN +.br +_PC_SYMLINK_MAX +.br +_PC_SYNC_IO +.br +_PC_VDISABLE +.br +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for \fIsysconf\fP(): +.LP +.sp +_SC_2_C_BIND +.br +_SC_2_C_DEV +.br +_SC_2_C_VERSION +.br +_SC_2_CHAR_TERM +.br +_SC_2_FORT_DEV +.br +_SC_2_FORT_RUN +.br +_SC_2_LOCALEDEF +.br +_SC_2_PBS +.br +_SC_2_PBS_ACCOUNTING +.br +_SC_2_PBS_CHECKPOINT +.br +_SC_2_PBS_LOCATE +.br +_SC_2_PBS_MESSAGE +.br +_SC_2_PBS_TRACK +.br +_SC_2_SW_DEV +.br +_SC_2_UPE +.br +_SC_2_VERSION +.br +_SC_ADVISORY_INFO +.br +_SC_ARG_MAX +.br +_SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX +.br +_SC_AIO_MAX +.br +_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX +.br +_SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO +.br +_SC_ATEXIT_MAX +.br +_SC_BARRIERS +.br +_SC_BC_BASE_MAX +.br +_SC_BC_DIM_MAX +.br +_SC_BC_SCALE_MAX +.br +_SC_BC_STRING_MAX +.br +_SC_CHILD_MAX +.br +_SC_CLK_TCK +.br +_SC_CLOCK_SELECTION +.br +_SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX +.br +_SC_CPUTIME +.br +_SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX +.br +_SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX +.br +_SC_FILE_LOCKING +.br +_SC_FSYNC +.br +_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX +.br +_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX +.br +_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX +.br +_SC_IOV_MAX +.br +_SC_IPV6 +.br +_SC_JOB_CONTROL +.br +_SC_LINE_MAX +.br +_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX +.br +_SC_MAPPED_FILES +.br +_SC_MEMLOCK +.br +_SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE +.br +_SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION +.br +_SC_MESSAGE_PASSING +.br +_SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK +.br +_SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX +.br +_SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX +.br +_SC_NGROUPS_MAX +.br +_SC_OPEN_MAX +.br +_SC_PAGE_SIZE +.br +_SC_PAGESIZE +.br +_SC_PRIORITIZED_IO +.br +_SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING +.br +_SC_RAW_SOCKETS +.br +_SC_RE_DUP_MAX +.br +_SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS +.br +_SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS +.br +_SC_REGEXP +.br +_SC_RTSIG_MAX +.br +_SC_SAVED_IDS +.br +_SC_SEMAPHORES +.br +_SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX +.br +_SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX +.br +_SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS +.br +_SC_SHELL +.br +_SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX +.br +_SC_SPAWN +.br +_SC_SPIN_LOCKS +.br +_SC_SPORADIC_SERVER +.br +_SC_STREAM_MAX +.br +_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX +.br +_SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO +.br +_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR +.br +_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE +.br +_SC_THREAD_CPUTIME +.br +_SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS +.br +_SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX +.br +_SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT +.br +_SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT +.br +_SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING +.br +_SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED +.br +_SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS +.br +_SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER +.br +_SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN +.br +_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX +.br +_SC_TIMEOUTS +.br +_SC_THREADS +.br +_SC_TIMER_MAX +.br +_SC_TIMERS +.br +_SC_TRACE +.br +_SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER +.br +_SC_TRACE_INHERIT +.br +_SC_TRACE_LOG +.br +_SC_TTY_NAME_MAX +.br +_SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS +.br +_SC_TZNAME_MAX +.br +_SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32 +.br +_SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG +.br +_SC_V6_LP64_OFF64 +.br +_SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG +.br +_SC_VERSION +.br +_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32 (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64 (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG (\fBLEGACY\fP) +.br +_SC_XOPEN_CRYPT +.br +_SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N +.br +_SC_XOPEN_LEGACY +.br +_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME +.br +_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS +.br +_SC_XOPEN_SHM +.br +_SC_XOPEN_STREAMS +.br +_SC_XOPEN_UNIX +.br +_SC_XOPEN_VERSION +.br +_SC_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION +.br +.LP +The two constants _SC_PAGESIZE and _SC_PAGE_SIZE may be defined to +have the same value. +.LP +The following symbolic constants shall be defined for file streams: +.TP 7 +STDERR_FILENO +File number of \fIstderr\fP; 2. +.TP 7 +STDIN_FILENO +File number of \fIstdin\fP; 0. +.TP 7 +STDOUT_FILENO +File number of \fIstdout\fP; 1. +.sp +.SS Type Definitions +.LP +The \fBsize_t\fP, \fBssize_t\fP, \fBuid_t\fP, \fBgid_t\fP, \fBoff_t\fP, +\fBpid_t\fP, and \fBuseconds_t\fP types shall be +defined as described in \fI<sys/types.h>\fP. +.LP +The \fBintptr_t\fP type shall be defined as described in \fI<inttypes.h>\fP. +.SS Declarations +.LP +The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined +as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided. +.sp +.RS +.nf + +\fBint access(const char *, int); +unsigned alarm(unsigned); +int chdir(const char *); +int chown(const char *, uid_t, gid_t); +int close(int); +size_t confstr(int, char *, size_t); +.sp + + +char *crypt(const char *, const char *); +char *ctermid(char *); + +int dup(int); +.sp + +int dup2(int, int); + +void encrypt(char[64], int); + +int execl(const char *, const char *, ...); +int execle(const char *, const char *, ...); +int execlp(const char *, const char *, ...); +int execv(const char *, char *const []); +int execve(const char *, char *const [], char *const []); +int execvp(const char *, char *const []); +void _exit(int); +int fchown(int, uid_t, gid_t); + +int fchdir(int); + + +int fdatasync(int); + +pid_t fork(void); +long fpathconf(int, int); + +int fsync(int); + +int ftruncate(int, off_t); +char *getcwd(char *, size_t); +gid_t getegid(void); +uid_t geteuid(void); +gid_t getgid(void); +int getgroups(int, gid_t []); + +long gethostid(void); + +int gethostname(char *, size_t); +char *getlogin(void); +int getlogin_r(char *, size_t); +int getopt(int, char * const [], const char *); + +pid_t getpgid(pid_t); + +pid_t getpgrp(void); +pid_t getpid(void); +pid_t getppid(void); + +pid_t getsid(pid_t); + +uid_t getuid(void); + +char *getwd(char *); (\fP\fBLEGACY\fP \fB) + +int isatty(int); + +int lchown(const char *, uid_t, gid_t); + +int link(const char *, const char *); + +int lockf(int, int, off_t); + +off_t lseek(int, off_t, int); + +int nice(int); + +long pathconf(const char *, int); +int pause(void); +int pipe(int [2]); + +ssize_t pread(int, void *, size_t, off_t); +ssize_t pwrite(int, const void *, size_t, off_t); + +ssize_t read(int, void *, size_t); +ssize_t readlink(const char *restrict, char *restrict, size_t); +int rmdir(const char *); +int setegid(gid_t); +int seteuid(uid_t); +int setgid(gid_t); +.sp + +int setpgid(pid_t, pid_t); + +pid_t setpgrp(void); +int setregid(gid_t, gid_t); +int setreuid(uid_t, uid_t); + +pid_t setsid(void); +int setuid(uid_t); +unsigned sleep(unsigned); + +void swab(const void *restrict, void *restrict, ssize_t); +int symlink(const char *, const char *); +void sync(void); + +long sysconf(int); +pid_t tcgetpgrp(int); +int tcsetpgrp(int, pid_t); + +int truncate(const char *, off_t); + +char *ttyname(int); +int ttyname_r(int, char *, size_t); + +useconds_t ualarm(useconds_t, useconds_t); + +int unlink(const char *); + +int usleep(useconds_t); +pid_t vfork(void); + +ssize_t write(int, const void *, size_t); +\fP +.fi +.RE +.LP +Implementations may also include the \fIpthread_atfork\fP() prototype +as defined +in \fI<pthread.h>\fP . +.LP +The following external variables shall be declared: +.sp +.RS +.nf + +\fBextern char *optarg; +extern int optind, opterr, optopt; +\fP +.fi +.RE +.LP +\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP +.SH APPLICATION USAGE +.LP +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 only describes the behavior of systems that +claim conformance to it. However, application +developers who want to write applications that adapt to other versions +of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1 (or to systems that do not +conform to any POSIX standard) may find it useful to code them so +as to conditionally compile different code depending on the value +of _POSIX_VERSION, for example: +.sp +.RS +.nf + +\fB#if _POSIX_VERSION >= 200112L +/* Use the newer function that copes with large files. */ +off_t pos=ftello(fp); +#else +/* Either this is an old version of POSIX, or _POSIX_VERSION is + not even defined, so use the traditional function. */ +long pos=ftell(fp); +#endif +\fP +.fi +.RE +.LP +Earlier versions of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1 and of the Single UNIX Specification +can be identified by the following +macros: +.TP 7 +POSIX.1-1988 standard +_POSIX_VERSION==198808L +.TP 7 +POSIX.1-1990 standard +_POSIX_VERSION==199009L +.TP 7 +ISO\ POSIX-1:1996 standard +_POSIX_VERSION==199506L +.TP 7 +Single UNIX Specification, Version 1 +_XOPEN_UNIX and _XOPEN_VERSION==4 +.TP 7 +Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 +_XOPEN_UNIX and _XOPEN_VERSION==500 +.sp +.LP +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 does not make any attempt to define application +binary interaction with the underlying operating +system. However, application developers may find it useful to query +_SC_VERSION at runtime via \fIsysconf\fP() to determine whether the +current version of the operating system supports the +necessary functionality as in the following program fragment: +.sp +.RS +.nf + +\fBif (sysconf(_SC_VERSION) < 200112L) { + fprintf(stderr, "POSIX.1-2001 system required, terminating \\n"); + exit(1); +} +\fP +.fi +.RE +.LP +New applications should not use _XOPEN_SHM or _XOPEN_ENH_I18N. +.SH RATIONALE +.LP +As IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 evolved, certain options became sufficiently +standardized that it was concluded that simply +requiring one of the option choices was simpler than retaining the +option. However, for backwards-compatibility, the option flags +(with required constant values) are retained. +.SS Version Test Macros +.LP +The standard developers considered altering the definition of _POSIX_VERSION +and removing _SC_VERSION from the specification of +\fIsysconf\fP() since the utility to an application was deemed by +some to be minimal, and +since the implementation of the functionality is potentially problematic. +However, they recognized that support for existing +application binaries is a concern to manufacturers, application developers, +and the users of implementations conforming to +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001. +.LP +While the example using _SC_VERSION in the APPLICATION USAGE section +does not provide the greatest degree of imaginable utility +to the application developer or user, it is arguably better than a +\fBcore\fP file or some other equally obscure result. (It is +also possible for implementations to encode and recognize application +binaries compiled in various POSIX.1-conforming environments, +and modify the semantics of the underlying system to conform to the +expectations of the application.) For the reasons outlined in +the preceding paragraphs and in the APPLICATION USAGE section, the +standard developers elected to retain the _POSIX_VERSION and +_SC_VERSION functionality. +.SS Compile-Time Symbolic Constants for System-Wide Options +.LP +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 now includes support in certain areas for the +newly adopted policy governing options and +stubs. +.LP +This policy provides flexibility for implementations in how they support +options. It also specifies how conforming applications +can adapt to different implementations that support different sets +of options. It allows the following: +.IP " 1." 4 +If an implementation has no interest in supporting an option, it does +not have to provide anything associated with that option +beyond the announcement that it does not support it. +.LP +.IP " 2." 4 +An implementation can support a partial or incompatible version of +an option (as a non-standard extension) as long as it does +not claim to support the option. +.LP +.IP " 3." 4 +An application can determine whether the option is supported. A strictly +conforming application must check this announcement +mechanism before first using anything associated with the option. +.LP +.LP +There is an important implication of this policy. IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 +cannot dictate the behavior of interfaces +associated with an option when the implementation does not claim to +support the option. In particular, it cannot require that a +function associated with an unsupported option will fail if it does +not perform as specified. However, this policy does not prevent +a standard from requiring certain functions to always be present, +but that they shall always fail on some implementations. The \fIsetpgid\fP() +function in the POSIX.1-1990 standard, for example, is considered +appropriate. +.LP +The POSIX standards include various options, and the C-language binding +support for an option implies that the implementation +must supply data types and function interfaces. An application must +be able to discover whether the implementation supports each +option. +.LP +Any application must consider the following three cases for each option: +.IP " 1." 4 +Option never supported. +.LP +The implementation advertises at compile time that the option will +never be supported. In this case, it is not necessary for the +implementation to supply any of the data types or function interfaces +that are provided only as part of the option. The +implementation might provide data types and functions that are similar +to those defined by IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, but +there is no guarantee for any particular behavior. +.LP +.IP " 2." 4 +Option always supported. +.LP +The implementation advertises at compile time that the option will +always be supported. In this case, all data types and +function interfaces shall be available and shall operate as specified. +.LP +.IP " 3." 4 +Option might or might not be supported. +.LP +Some implementations might not provide a mechanism to specify support +of options at compile time. In addition, the +implementation might be unable or unwilling to specify support or +non-support at compile time. In either case, any application that +might use the option at runtime must be able to compile and execute. +The implementation must provide, at compile time, all data +types and function interfaces that are necessary to allow this. In +this situation, there must be a mechanism that allows the +application to query, at runtime, whether the option is supported. +If the application attempts to use the option when it is not +supported, the result is unspecified unless explicitly specified otherwise +in IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001. +.LP +.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS +.LP +None. +.SH SEE ALSO +.LP +\fI<inttypes.h>\fP , \fI<limits.h>\fP , \fI<sys/socket.h>\fP , \fI<sys/types.h>\fP +, \fI<termios.h>\fP , \fI<wctype.h>\fP , the System Interfaces volume +of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fIaccess\fP(), \fIalarm\fP(), \fIchdir\fP(), +\fIchown\fP(), \fIclose\fP(), \fIcrypt\fP(), \fIctermid\fP(), \fIdup\fP(), +\fIencrypt\fP(), \fIenviron\fP, \fIexec\fP, \fIexit\fP(), \fIfchdir\fP(), +\fIfchown\fP(), \fIfcntl\fP(), \fIfork\fP(), \fIfpathconf\fP(), \fIfsync\fP(), +\fIftruncate\fP(), \fIgetcwd\fP(), \fIgetegid\fP(), \fIgeteuid\fP(), +\fIgetgid\fP(), \fIgetgroups\fP(), \fIgethostid\fP(), \fIgethostname\fP(), +\fIgetlogin\fP(), \fIgetpgid\fP(), \fIgetpgrp\fP(), \fIgetpid\fP(), +\fIgetppid\fP(), \fIgetsid\fP(), \fIgetuid\fP(), \fIisatty\fP(), \fIlchown\fP(), +\fIlink\fP(), \fIlockf\fP(), \fIlseek\fP(), \fInice\fP(), \fIpathconf\fP(), +\fIpause\fP(), \fIpipe\fP(), \fIread\fP(), \fIreadlink\fP(), \fIrmdir\fP(), +\fIsetgid\fP(), \fIsetpgid\fP(), \fIsetpgrp\fP(), \fIsetregid\fP(), +\fIsetreuid\fP(), \fIsetsid\fP(), \fIsetuid\fP(), \fIsleep\fP(), \fIswab\fP(), +\fIsymlink\fP(), \fIsync\fP(), \fIsysconf\fP(), \fItcgetpgrp\fP(), +\fItcsetpgrp\fP(), \fItruncate\fP(), \fIttyname\fP(), \fIualarm\fP(), +\fIunlink\fP(), \fIusleep\fP(), \fIvfork\fP(), \fIwrite\fP() +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the +event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html . |