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authorAlejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>2022-09-05 23:03:38 +0200
committerAlejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>2022-09-05 23:03:47 +0200
commit70ac1c4785fc1e158ab2349a962dba2526bf4fbc (patch)
treebff270e2496dd284bccfc1271b43946f5d225224 /man1
parent5423a6f86b2b920a5f3e8cf8d759b513050f2d33 (diff)
src.mk, All pages: Move man* to man/
The root of the repository is becoming a bit overpopulated and unorganized, due to the recent addition of more mandirs, and more informative and configuration files too. Let's create a specific mandir <man/> that contains the mandirs <man[1-8]*>. Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'man1')
-rw-r--r--man1/getent.1382
-rw-r--r--man1/iconv.1188
-rw-r--r--man1/intro.1305
-rw-r--r--man1/ldd.1172
-rw-r--r--man1/locale.1192
-rw-r--r--man1/localedef.1385
-rw-r--r--man1/memusage.1262
-rw-r--r--man1/memusagestat.173
-rw-r--r--man1/mtrace.147
-rw-r--r--man1/pldd.1103
-rw-r--r--man1/sprof.1274
-rw-r--r--man1/time.1329
12 files changed, 0 insertions, 2712 deletions
diff --git a/man1/getent.1 b/man1/getent.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 3de6dbd80..000000000
--- a/man1/getent.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2011, Mark R. Bannister <cambridge@users.sourceforge.net>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2015, Robin H. Johnson <robbat2@gentoo.org>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.\"
-.TH GETENT 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-getent \- get entries from Name Service Switch libraries
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B getent [\fIoption\fP]... \fIdatabase\fP \fIkey\fP...
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B getent
-command displays entries from databases supported by the
-Name Service Switch libraries,
-which are configured in
-.IR /etc/nsswitch.conf .
-If one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided,
-then only the entries that match the supplied keys will be displayed.
-Otherwise, if no
-.I key
-is provided, all entries will be displayed (unless the database does not
-support enumeration).
-.PP
-The
-.I database
-may be any of those supported by the GNU C Library, listed below:
-.RS 3
-.TP 10
-.B ahosts
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR sethostent (3),
-.BR gethostent (3),
-and
-.BR endhostent (3)
-to enumerate the hosts database.
-This is identical to using
-.BR hosts .
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR getaddrinfo (3)
-with the address family
-.BR AF_UNSPEC ,
-enumerating each socket address structure returned.
-.TP
-.B ahostsv4
-Same as
-.BR ahosts ,
-but use the address family
-.BR AF_INET .
-.TP
-.B ahostsv6
-Same as
-.BR ahosts ,
-but use the address family
-.BR AF_INET6 .
-The call to
-.BR getaddrinfo (3)
-in this case includes the
-.B AI_V4MAPPED
-flag.
-.TP
-.B aliases
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setaliasent (3),
-.BR getaliasent (3),
-and
-.BR endaliasent (3)
-to enumerate the aliases database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR getaliasbyname (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B ethers
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR ether_aton (3)
-and
-.BR ether_hostton (3)
-until a result is obtained, and display the result.
-Enumeration is not supported on
-.BR ethers ,
-so a
-.I key
-must be provided.
-.TP
-.B group
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setgrent (3),
-.BR getgrent (3),
-and
-.BR endgrent (3)
-to enumerate the group database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getgrgid (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getgrnam (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B gshadow
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setsgent (3),
-.BR getsgent (3),
-and
-.BR endsgent (3)
-to enumerate the gshadow database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR getsgnam (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B hosts
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR sethostent (3),
-.BR gethostent (3),
-and
-.BR endhostent (3)
-to enumerate the hosts database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-to
-.BR gethostbyaddr (3)
-or
-.BR gethostbyname2 (3),
-depending on whether a call to
-.BR inet_pton (3)
-indicates that the
-.I key
-is an IPv6 or IPv4 address or not, and display the result.
-.TP
-.B initgroups
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR getgrouplist (3)
-and display the result.
-Enumeration is not supported on
-.BR initgroups ,
-so a
-.I key
-must be provided.
-.TP
-.B netgroup
-When one
-.I key
-is provided, pass the
-.I key
-to
-.BR setnetgrent (3)
-and, using
-.BR getnetgrent (3)
-display the resulting string triple
-.RI ( hostname ", " username ", " domainname ).
-Alternatively, three
-.I keys
-may be provided, which are interpreted as the
-.IR hostname ,
-.IR username ,
-and
-.I domainname
-to match to a netgroup name via
-.BR innetgr (3).
-Enumeration is not supported on
-.BR netgroup ,
-so either one or three
-.I keys
-must be provided.
-.TP
-.B networks
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setnetent (3),
-.BR getnetent (3),
-and
-.BR endnetent (3)
-to enumerate the networks database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getnetbyaddr (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getnetbyname (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B passwd
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setpwent (3),
-.BR getpwent (3),
-and
-.BR endpwent (3)
-to enumerate the passwd database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getpwuid (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getpwnam (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B protocols
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setprotoent (3),
-.BR getprotoent (3),
-and
-.BR endprotoent (3)
-to enumerate the protocols database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getprotobynumber (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getprotobyname (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B rpc
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setrpcent (3),
-.BR getrpcent (3),
-and
-.BR endrpcent (3)
-to enumerate the rpc database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getrpcbynumber (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getrpcbyname (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B services
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setservent (3),
-.BR getservent (3),
-and
-.BR endservent (3)
-to enumerate the services database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each numeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getservbynumber (3)
-and each nonnumeric
-.I key
-to
-.BR getservbyname (3)
-and display the result.
-.TP
-.B shadow
-When no
-.I key
-is provided, use
-.BR setspent (3),
-.BR getspent (3),
-and
-.BR endspent (3)
-to enumerate the shadow database.
-When one or more
-.I key
-arguments are provided, pass each
-.I key
-in succession to
-.BR getspnam (3)
-and display the result.
-.RE
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-s\ \fIservice\fP ", " \-\-service\ \fIservice\fP
-.\" commit 9d0881aa76b399e6a025c5cf44bebe2ae0efa8af (glibc)
-Override all databases with the specified service.
-(Since glibc 2.2.5.)
-.TP
-.BR \-s\ \fIdatabase\fP:\fIservice\fP ", "\
-\-\-service\ \fIdatabase\fP:\fIservice\fP
-.\" commit b4f6f4be85d32b9c03361c38376e36f08100e3e8 (glibc)
-Override only specified databases with the specified service.
-The option may be used multiple times,
-but only the last service for each database will be used.
-(Since glibc 2.4.)
-.TP
-.BR \-i ", " \-\-no\-idn
-.\" commit a160f8d808cf8020b13bd0ef4a9eaf3c11f964ad (glibc)
-Disables IDN encoding in lookups for
-.BR ahosts / getaddrinfo (3)
-(Since glibc-2.13.)
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Print a usage summary and exit.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-usage"
-Print a short usage summary and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for
-.BR getent .
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-One of the following exit values can be returned by
-.BR getent :
-.RS 3
-.TP
-.B 0
-Command completed successfully.
-.TP
-.B 1
-Missing arguments, or
-.I database
-unknown.
-.TP
-.B 2
-One or more supplied
-.I key
-could not be found in the
-.IR database .
-.TP
-.B 3
-Enumeration not supported on this
-.IR database .
-.RE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR nsswitch.conf (5)
diff --git a/man1/iconv.1 b/man1/iconv.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 6ec67d515..000000000
--- a/man1/iconv.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.\"
-.TH ICONV 1 2021-08-27 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-iconv \- convert text from one character encoding to another
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B iconv
-.RI [ options ]
-.RI "[\-f " from-encoding "]"
-.RI "[\-t " to-encoding "]"
-.RI [ inputfile ]...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B iconv
-program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in another
-encoding.
-If no input files are given, or if it is given as a dash (\-),
-.B iconv
-reads from standard input.
-If no output file is given,
-.B iconv
-writes to standard output.
-.PP
-If no
-.I from-encoding
-is given, the default is derived
-from the current locale's character encoding.
-If no
-.I to-encoding
-is given, the default is derived
-from the current locale's character
-encoding.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BI \-f " from-encoding" "\fR, \fP\-\-from\-code=" from-encoding
-Use
-.I from-encoding
-for input characters.
-.TP
-.BI \-t " to-encoding" "\fR, \fP\-\-to\-code=" to-encoding
-Use
-.I to-encoding
-for output characters.
-.IP
-If the string
-.B //IGNORE
-is appended to
-.IR to-encoding ,
-characters that cannot be converted are discarded and an error is
-printed after conversion.
-.IP
-If the string
-.B //TRANSLIT
-is appended to
-.IR to-encoding ,
-characters being converted are transliterated when needed and possible.
-This means that when a character cannot be represented in the target
-character set, it can be approximated through one or several similar
-looking characters.
-Characters that are outside of the target character set and cannot be
-transliterated are replaced with a question mark (?) in the output.
-.TP
-.BR \-l ", " \-\-list
-List all known character set encodings.
-.TP
-.B "\-c"
-Silently discard characters that cannot be converted instead of
-terminating when encountering such characters.
-.TP
-.BI \-o " outputfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-output=" outputfile
-Use
-.I outputfile
-for output.
-.TP
-.BR \-s ", " \-\-silent
-This option is ignored; it is provided only for compatibility.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-verbose"
-Print progress information on standard error when processing
-multiple files.
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Print a usage summary and exit.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-usage"
-Print a short usage summary and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for
-.BR iconv .
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-Zero on success, nonzero on errors.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-Internally, the
-.B iconv
-program uses the
-.BR iconv (3)
-function which in turn uses
-.I gconv
-modules (dynamically loaded shared libraries)
-to convert to and from a character set.
-Before calling
-.BR iconv (3),
-the
-.B iconv
-program must first allocate a conversion descriptor using
-.BR iconv_open (3).
-The operation of the latter function is influenced by the setting of the
-.B GCONV_PATH
-environment variable:
-.IP * 3
-If
-.B GCONV_PATH
-is not set,
-.BR iconv_open (3)
-loads the system gconv module configuration cache file created by
-.BR iconvconfig (8)
-and then, based on the configuration,
-loads the gconv modules needed to perform the conversion.
-If the system gconv module configuration cache file is not available
-then the system gconv module configuration file is used.
-.IP *
-If
-.B GCONV_PATH
-is defined (as a colon-separated list of pathnames),
-the system gconv module configuration cache is not used.
-Instead,
-.BR iconv_open (3)
-first tries to load the configuration files by searching the directories in
-.B GCONV_PATH
-in order,
-followed by the system default gconv module configuration file.
-If a directory does not contain a gconv module configuration file,
-any gconv modules that it may contain are ignored.
-If a directory contains a gconv module configuration file
-and it is determined that a module needed for this conversion is
-available in the directory,
-then the needed module is loaded from that directory,
-the order being such that the first suitable module found in
-.B GCONV_PATH
-is used.
-This allows users to use custom modules and even replace system-provided
-modules by providing such modules in
-.B GCONV_PATH
-directories.
-.SH FILES
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/gconv
-Usual default gconv module path.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules
-Usual system default gconv module configuration file.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules.cache
-Usual system gconv module configuration cache.
-.PP
-Depending on the architecture,
-the above files may instead be located at directories with the path prefix
-.IR /usr/lib64 .
-.SH STANDARDS
-POSIX.1-2001.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-Convert text from the ISO 8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBiconv \-f ISO\-8859\-15 \-t UTF\-8 < input.txt > output.txt\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The next example converts from UTF-8 to ASCII, transliterating when
-possible:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBecho abc ß α € àḃç | iconv \-f UTF\-8 \-t ASCII//TRANSLIT\fP
-abc ss ? EUR abc
-.EE
-.in
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR locale (1),
-.BR uconv (1),
-.BR iconv (3),
-.BR nl_langinfo (3),
-.BR charsets (7),
-.BR iconvconfig (8)
diff --git a/man1/intro.1 b/man1/intro.1
deleted file mode 100644
index c691cea18..000000000
--- a/man1/intro.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH INTRO 1 2020-08-13 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-intro \- introduction to user commands
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Section 1 of the manual describes user commands and tools,
-for example, file manipulation tools, shells, compilers,
-web browsers, file and image viewers and editors, and so on.
-.SH NOTES
-Linux is a flavor of UNIX, and as a first approximation
-all user commands under UNIX work precisely the same under
-Linux (and FreeBSD and lots of other UNIX-like systems).
-.PP
-Under Linux, there are GUIs (graphical user interfaces), where you
-can point and click and drag, and hopefully get work done without
-first reading lots of documentation.
-The traditional UNIX environment
-is a CLI (command line interface), where you type commands to
-tell the computer what to do.
-That is faster and more powerful,
-but requires finding out what the commands are.
-Below a bare minimum, to get started.
-.SS Login
-In order to start working, you probably first have to open a session by
-giving your username and password.
-The program
-.BR login (1)
-now starts a
-.I shell
-(command interpreter) for you.
-In case of a graphical login, you get a screen with menus or icons
-and a mouse click will start a shell in a window.
-See also
-.BR xterm (1).
-.SS The shell
-One types commands to the
-.IR shell ,
-the command interpreter.
-It is not built-in, but is just a program
-and you can change your shell.
-Everybody has their own favorite one.
-The standard one is called
-.IR sh .
-See also
-.BR ash (1),
-.BR bash (1),
-.BR chsh (1),
-.BR csh (1),
-.BR dash (1),
-.BR ksh (1),
-.BR zsh (1).
-.PP
-A session might go like:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-.RB "knuth login: " aeb
-.RB "Password: " ********
-.RB "$ " date
-Tue Aug 6 23:50:44 CEST 2002
-.RB "$ " cal
- August 2002
-Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
- 1 2 3
- 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-11 12 13 14 15 16 17
-18 19 20 21 22 23 24
-25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-
-.RB "$ " ls
-bin tel
-.RB "$ " "ls \-l"
-total 2
-drwxrwxr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel
-.RB "$ " "cat tel"
-maja 0501\-1136285
-peter 0136\-7399214
-.RB "$ " "cp tel tel2"
-.RB "$ " "ls \-l"
-total 3
-drwxr\-xr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel
-\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2
-.RB "$ " "mv tel tel1"
-.RB "$ " "ls \-l"
-total 3
-drwxr\-xr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
-\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel1
-\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2
-.RB "$ " "diff tel1 tel2"
-.RB "$ " "rm tel1"
-.RB "$ " "grep maja tel2"
-maja 0501\-1136285
-$
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Here typing Control-D ended the session.
-.PP
-The
-.B $
-here was the command prompt\(emit is the shell's way of indicating
-that it is ready for the next command.
-The prompt can be customized
-in lots of ways, and one might include stuff like username,
-machine name, current directory, time, and so on.
-An assignment PS1="What next, master? "
-would change the prompt as indicated.
-.PP
-We see that there are commands
-.I date
-(that gives date and time), and
-.I cal
-(that gives a calendar).
-.PP
-The command
-.I ls
-lists the contents of the current directory\(emit tells you what
-files you have.
-With a
-.I \-l
-option it gives a long listing,
-that includes the owner and size and date of the file, and the
-permissions people have for reading and/or changing the file.
-For example, the file "tel" here is 37 bytes long, owned by aeb
-and the owner can read and write it, others can only read it.
-Owner and permissions can be changed by the commands
-.I chown
-and
-.IR chmod .
-.PP
-The command
-.I cat
-will show the contents of a file.
-(The name is from "concatenate and print": all files given as
-parameters are concatenated and sent to "standard output"
-(see
-.BR stdout (3)),
-here
-the terminal screen.)
-.PP
-The command
-.I cp
-(from "copy") will copy a file.
-.PP
-The command
-.I mv
-(from "move"), on the other hand, only renames it.
-.PP
-The command
-.I diff
-lists the differences between two files.
-Here there was no output because there were no differences.
-.PP
-The command
-.I rm
-(from "remove") deletes the file, and be careful! it is gone.
-No wastepaper basket or anything.
-Deleted means lost.
-.PP
-The command
-.I grep
-(from "g/re/p") finds occurrences of a string in one or more files.
-Here it finds Maja's telephone number.
-.SS Pathnames and the current directory
-Files live in a large tree, the file hierarchy.
-Each has a
-.I "pathname"
-describing the path from the root of the tree (which is called
-.IR / )
-to the file.
-For example, such a full pathname might be
-.IR /home/aeb/tel .
-Always using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name
-of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by giving
-only the last component.
-That is why
-.I /home/aeb/tel
-can be abbreviated
-to
-.I tel
-when the current directory is
-.IR /home/aeb .
-.PP
-The command
-.I pwd
-prints the current directory.
-.PP
-The command
-.I cd
-changes the current directory.
-.PP
-Try alternatively
-.I cd
-and
-.I pwd
-commands and explore
-.I cd
-usage: "cd", "cd .", "cd ..", "cd /", and "cd \(ti".
-.SS Directories
-The command
-.I mkdir
-makes a new directory.
-.PP
-The command
-.I rmdir
-removes a directory if it is empty, and complains otherwise.
-.PP
-The command
-.I find
-(with a rather baroque syntax) will find files with given name
-or other properties.
-For example, "find . \-name tel" would find
-the file
-.I tel
-starting in the present directory (which is called
-.IR . ).
-And "find / \-name tel" would do the same, but starting at the root
-of the tree.
-Large searches on a multi-GB disk will be time-consuming,
-and it may be better to use
-.BR locate (1).
-.SS Disks and filesystems
-The command
-.I mount
-will attach the filesystem found on some disk (or floppy, or CDROM or so)
-to the big filesystem hierarchy.
-And
-.I umount
-detaches it again.
-The command
-.I df
-will tell you how much of your disk is still free.
-.SS Processes
-On a UNIX system many user and system processes run simultaneously.
-The one you are talking to runs in the
-.IR foreground ,
-the others in the
-.IR background .
-The command
-.I ps
-will show you which processes are active and what numbers these
-processes have.
-The command
-.I kill
-allows you to get rid of them.
-Without option this is a friendly
-request: please go away.
-And "kill \-9" followed by the number
-of the process is an immediate kill.
-Foreground processes can often be killed by typing Control-C.
-.SS Getting information
-There are thousands of commands, each with many options.
-Traditionally commands are documented on
-.IR "man pages" ,
-(like this one), so that the command "man kill" will document
-the use of the command "kill" (and "man man" document the command "man").
-The program
-.I man
-sends the text through some
-.IR pager ,
-usually
-.IR less .
-Hit the space bar to get the next page, hit q to quit.
-.PP
-In documentation it is customary to refer to man pages
-by giving the name and section number, as in
-.BR man (1).
-Man pages are terse, and allow you to find quickly some forgotten
-detail.
-For newcomers an introductory text with more examples
-and explanations is useful.
-.PP
-A lot of GNU/FSF software is provided with info files.
-Type "info info"
-for an introduction on the use of the program
-.IR info .
-.PP
-Special topics are often treated in HOWTOs.
-Look in
-.I /usr/share/doc/howto/en
-and use a browser if you find HTML files there.
-.\"
-.\" Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...?
-.\" gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR ash (1),
-.BR bash (1),
-.BR chsh (1),
-.BR csh (1),
-.BR dash (1),
-.BR ksh (1),
-.BR locate (1),
-.BR login (1),
-.BR man (1),
-.BR xterm (1),
-.BR zsh (1),
-.BR wait (2),
-.BR stdout (3),
-.BR man\-pages (7),
-.BR standards (7)
diff --git a/man1/ldd.1 b/man1/ldd.1
deleted file mode 100644
index c498460d6..000000000
--- a/man1/ldd.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright 1995-2000 David Engel (david@ods.com)
-.\" Copyright 1995 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Copyright 2000 Ben Collins (bcollins@debian.org)
-.\" Redone for GLibc 2.2
-.\" Copyright 2000 Jakub Jelinek (jakub@redhat.com)
-.\" Corrected.
-.\" and Copyright (C) 2012, 2016, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0-or-later
-.\"
-.TH LDD 1 2021-08-27 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-ldd \- print shared object dependencies
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR ldd " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIfile\fP..."
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B ldd
-prints the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or
-shared object specified on the command line.
-An example of its use and output
-is the following:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBldd /bin/ls\fP
- linux\-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
- libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
- libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
- libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
- libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
- libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
- /lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
- libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
- libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-In the usual case,
-.B ldd
-invokes the standard dynamic linker (see
-.BR ld.so (8))
-with the
-.B LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
-environment variable set to 1.
-This causes the dynamic linker to inspect the program's dynamic dependencies,
-and find (according to the rules described in
-.BR ld.so (8))
-and load the objects that satisfy those dependencies.
-For each dependency,
-.B ldd
-displays the location of the matching object
-and the (hexadecimal) address at which it is loaded.
-(The
-.I linux\-vdso
-and
-.I ld\-linux
-shared dependencies are special; see
-.BR vdso (7)
-and
-.BR ld.so (8).)
-.\"
-.SS Security
-Be aware that in some circumstances
-(e.g., where the program specifies an ELF interpreter other than
-.IR ld\-linux.so ),
-.\" The circumstances are where the program has an interpreter
-.\" other than ld-linux.so. In this case, ldd tries to execute the
-.\" program directly with LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1, with the
-.\" result that the program interpreter gets control, and can do
-.\" what it likes, or pass control to the program itself.
-.\" Much more detail at
-.\" http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/
-some versions of
-.B ldd
-may attempt to obtain the dependency information
-by attempting to directly execute the program,
-which may lead to the execution of whatever code is defined
-in the program's ELF interpreter,
-and perhaps to execution of the program itself.
-.\" Mainline glibc's ldd allows this possibility (the line
-.\" try_trace "$file"
-.\" in glibc 2.15, for example), but many distro versions of
-.\" ldd seem to remove that code path from the script.
-(In glibc versions before 2.27,
-.\" glibc commit eedca9772e99c72ab4c3c34e43cc764250aa3e3c
-the upstream
-.B ldd
-implementation did this for example,
-although most distributions provided a modified version that did not.)
-.PP
-Thus, you should
-.I never
-employ
-.B ldd
-on an untrusted executable,
-since this may result in the execution of arbitrary code.
-A safer alternative when dealing with untrusted executables is:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBobjdump \-p /path/to/program | grep NEEDED\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Note, however, that this alternative shows only the direct dependencies
-of the executable, while
-.B ldd
-shows the entire dependency tree of the executable.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-\-version
-Print the version number of
-.BR ldd .
-.TP
-.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
-Print all information, including, for example,
-symbol versioning information.
-.TP
-.BR \-u ", " \-\-unused
-Print unused direct dependencies.
-(Since glibc 2.3.4.)
-.TP
-.BR \-d ", " \-\-data\-relocs
-Perform relocations and report any missing objects (ELF only).
-.TP
-.BR \-r ", " \-\-function\-relocs
-Perform relocations for both data objects and functions, and
-report any missing objects or functions (ELF only).
-.TP
-.B \-\-help
-Usage information.
-.\" .SH NOTES
-.\" The standard version of
-.\" .B ldd
-.\" comes with glibc2.
-.\" Libc5 came with an older version, still present
-.\" on some systems.
-.\" The long options are not supported by the libc5 version.
-.\" On the other hand, the glibc2 version does not support
-.\" .B \-V
-.\" and only has the equivalent
-.\" .BR \-\-version .
-.\" .LP
-.\" The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given
-.\" on the command line as-is when it contains a \(aq/\(aq; otherwise it
-.\" searches for the library in the standard locations.
-.\" To run it
-.\" on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./".
-.SH BUGS
-.B ldd
-does not work on a.out shared libraries.
-.PP
-.B ldd
-does not work with some extremely old a.out programs which were
-built before
-.B ldd
-support was added to the compiler releases.
-If you use
-.B ldd
-on one of these programs, the program will attempt to run with
-.I argc
-= 0 and the results will be unpredictable.
-.\" .SH AUTHOR
-.\" David Engel.
-.\" Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR pldd (1),
-.BR sprof (1),
-.BR ld.so (8),
-.BR ldconfig (8)
diff --git a/man1/locale.1 b/man1/locale.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 416efd43a..000000000
--- a/man1/locale.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH LOCALE 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-locale \- get locale-specific information
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP]"
-.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] " \-a
-.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] " \-m
-.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] \fIname\fP..."
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B locale
-command displays information about the current locale, or all locales,
-on standard output.
-.PP
-When invoked without arguments,
-.B locale
-displays the current locale settings for each locale category (see
-.BR locale (5)),
-based on the settings of the environment variables that control the locale
-(see
-.BR locale (7)).
-Values for variables set in the environment are printed without double
-quotes, implied values are printed with double quotes.
-.PP
-If either the
-.B \-a
-or the
-.B \-m
-option (or one of their long-format equivalents) is specified,
-the behavior is as follows:
-.TP
-.BR \-a ", " \-\-all\-locales
-Display a list of all available locales.
-The
-.B \-v
-option causes the
-.B LC_IDENTIFICATION
-metadata about each locale to be included in the output.
-.TP
-.BR \-m ", " \-\-charmaps
-Display the available charmaps (character set description files).
-To display the current character set for the locale, use
-\fBlocale \-c charmap\fR.
-.PP
-The
-.B locale
-command can also be provided with one or more arguments,
-which are the names of locale keywords (for example,
-.IR date_fmt ,
-.IR ctype\-class\-names ,
-.IR yesexpr ,
-or
-.IR decimal_point )
-or locale categories (for example,
-.B LC_CTYPE
-or
-.BR LC_TIME ).
-For each argument, the following is displayed:
-.IP * 3
-For a locale keyword, the value of that keyword to be displayed.
-.IP *
-For a locale category,
-the values of all keywords in that category are displayed.
-.PP
-When arguments are supplied, the following options are meaningful:
-.TP
-.BR \-c ", " \-\-category\-name
-For a category name argument,
-write the name of the locale category
-on a separate line preceding the list of keyword values for that category.
-.IP
-For a keyword name argument,
-write the name of the locale category for this keyword
-on a separate line preceding the keyword value.
-.IP
-This option improves readability when multiple name arguments are specified.
-It can be combined with the
-.B \-k
-option.
-.TP
-.BR \-k ", " \-\-keyword\-name
-For each keyword whose value is being displayed,
-include also the name of that keyword,
-so that the output has the format:
-.IP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-.IR keyword =\(dq value \(dq
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The
-.B locale
-command also knows about the following options:
-.TP
-.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
-Display additional information for some command-line option and argument
-combinations.
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-usage
-Display a short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Display the program version and exit.
-.SH FILES
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive
-Usual default locale archive location.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/i18n/locales
-Usual default path for locale definition files.
-.SH STANDARDS
-POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.EX
-$ \fBlocale\fP
-LANG=en_US.UTF\-8
-LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_TIME="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_NAME="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF\-8"
-LC_ALL=
-
-$ \fBlocale date_fmt\fP
-%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y
-
-$ \fBlocale \-k date_fmt\fP
-date_fmt="%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y"
-
-$ \fBlocale \-ck date_fmt\fP
-LC_TIME
-date_fmt="%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y"
-
-$ \fBlocale LC_TELEPHONE\fP
-+%c (%a) %l
-(%a) %l
-11
-1
-UTF\-8
-
-$ \fBlocale \-k LC_TELEPHONE\fP
-tel_int_fmt="+%c (%a) %l"
-tel_dom_fmt="(%a) %l"
-int_select="11"
-int_prefix="1"
-telephone\-codeset="UTF\-8"
-.EE
-.PP
-The following example compiles a custom locale from the
-.I ./wrk
-directory with the
-.BR localedef (1)
-utility under the
-.I $HOME/.locale
-directory, then tests the result with the
-.BR date (1)
-command, and then sets the environment variables
-.B LOCPATH
-and
-.B LANG
-in the shell profile file so that the custom locale will be used in the
-subsequent user sessions:
-.PP
-.EX
-$ \fBmkdir \-p $HOME/.locale\fP
-$ \fBI18NPATH=./wrk/ localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_SE $HOME/.locale/fi_SE.UTF\-8\fP
-$ \fBLOCPATH=$HOME/.locale LC_ALL=fi_SE.UTF\-8 date\fP
-$ \fBecho "export LOCPATH=\e$HOME/.locale" >> $HOME/.bashrc\fP
-$ \fBecho "export LANG=fi_SE.UTF\-8" >> $HOME/.bashrc\fP
-.EE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR localedef (1),
-.BR charmap (5),
-.BR locale (5),
-.BR locale (7)
diff --git a/man1/localedef.1 b/man1/localedef.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c3ae59ff..000000000
--- a/man1/localedef.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2001 Richard Braakman
-.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Alastair McKinstry
-.\" Copyright (C) 2005 Lars Wirzenius
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Marko Myllynen
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.\"
-.\" This manual page was initially written by Richard Braakman
-.\" on behalf of the Debian GNU/Linux Project and anyone else
-.\" who wants it. It was amended by Alastair McKinstry to
-.\" explain new ISO 14652 elements, and amended further by
-.\" Lars Wirzenius to document new functionality (as of GNU
-.\" C library 2.3.5).
-.\"
-.TH LOCALEDEF 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-localedef \- compile locale definition files
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ad l
-.nh
-.B localedef
-.RI [ options ]
-.I outputpath
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-add\-to\-archive"
-.RI [ options ]
-.I compiledpath
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-delete\-from\-archive"
-.RI [ options ]
-.IR localename " ..."
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-list\-archive"
-.RI [ options ]
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-help"
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-usage"
-.br
-.B "localedef \-\-version"
-.ad b
-.hy
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B localedef
-program reads the indicated
-.I charmap
-and
-.I input
-files, compiles them to a binary form quickly usable by the
-locale functions in the C library
-.RB ( setlocale (3),
-.BR localeconv (3),
-etc.), and places the output in
-.IR outputpath .
-.PP
-The
-.I outputpath
-argument is interpreted as follows:
-.IP * 3
-If
-.I outputpath
-contains a slash character ('/'), it is interpreted as the name of the
-directory where the output definitions are to be stored.
-In this case, there is a separate output file for each locale category
-.RI ( LC_TIME ,
-.IR LC_NUMERIC ,
-and so on).
-.IP *
-If the
-.B \-\-no\-archive
-option is used,
-.I outputpath
-is the name of a subdirectory in
-.I /usr/lib/locale
-where per-category compiled files are placed.
-.IP *
-Otherwise,
-.I outputpath
-is the name of a locale and the compiled locale data is added to the
-archive file
-.IR /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive .
-A locale archive is a memory-mapped file which contains all the
-system-provided locales;
-it is used by all localized programs when the environment variable
-.B LOCPATH
-is not set.
-.PP
-In any case,
-.B localedef
-aborts if the directory in which it tries to write locale files has
-not already been created.
-.PP
-If no
-.I charmapfile
-is given, the value
-.I ANSI_X3.4\-1968
-(for ASCII) is used by default.
-If no
-.I inputfile
-is given, or if it is given as a dash
-(\-),
-.B localedef
-reads from standard input.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.SS Operation-selection options
-A few options direct
-.B localedef
-to do something other than compile locale definitions.
-Only one of these options should be used at a time.
-.TP
-.B \-\-add\-to\-archive
-Add the
-.I compiledpath
-directories to the locale archive file.
-The directories should have been created by previous runs of
-.BR localedef ,
-using
-.BR \-\-no\-archive .
-.TP
-.B \-\-delete\-from\-archive
-Delete the named locales from the locale archive file.
-.TP
-.B \-\-list\-archive
-List the locales contained in the locale archive file.
-.SS Other options
-Some of the following options are sensible only for certain operations;
-generally, it should be self-evident which ones.
-Notice that
-.B \-f
-and
-.B \-c
-are reversed from what you might expect; that is,
-.B \-f
-is not the same as
-.BR \-\-force .
-.TP
-.BI \-f " charmapfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-charmap=" charmapfile
-Specify the file that defines the character set
-that is used by the input file.
-If
-.I charmapfile
-contains a slash character ('/'),
-it is interpreted as the name of the character map.
-Otherwise, the file is sought in the current directory
-and the default directory for character maps.
-If the environment variable
-.B I18NPATH
-is set,
-.I $I18NPATH/charmaps/
-and
-.I $I18NPATH/
-are also searched after the current directory.
-The default directory for character maps is printed by
-.BR "localedef \-\-help" .
-.TP
-.BI \-i " inputfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-inputfile=" inputfile
-Specify the locale definition file to compile.
-The file is sought in the current directory
-and the default directory for locale definition files.
-If the environment variable
-.B I18NPATH
-is set,
-.I $I18NPATH/locales/
-and
-.I $I18NPATH
-are also searched after the current directory.
-The default directory for locale definition files is printed by
-.BR "localedef \-\-help" .
-.TP
-.BI \-u " repertoirefile" "\fR, \fP\-\-repertoire\-map=" repertoirefile
-Read mappings from symbolic names to Unicode code points from
-.IR repertoirefile .
-If
-.I repertoirefile
-contains a slash character ('/'),
-it is interpreted as the pathname of the repertoire map.
-Otherwise, the file is sought in the current directory
-and the default directory for repertoire maps.
-If the environment variable
-.B I18NPATH
-is set,
-.I $I18NPATH/repertoiremaps/
-and
-.I $I18NPATH
-are also searched after the current directory.
-The default directory for repertoire maps is printed by
-.BR "localedef \-\-help" .
-.TP
-.BI \-A " aliasfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-alias\-file=" aliasfile
-Use
-.I aliasfile
-to look up aliases for locale names.
-There is no default aliases file.
-.TP
-.BR \-c ", " \-\-force
-Write the output files even if warnings were generated about the input
-file.
-.TP
-.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
-Generate extra warnings about errors that are normally ignored.
-.TP
-.B \-\-big\-endian
-Generate big-endian output.
-.TP
-.B \-\-little\-endian
-Generate little-endian output.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-archive
-Do not use the locale archive file, instead create
-.I outputpath
-as a subdirectory in the same directory as the locale archive file,
-and create separate output files for locale categories in it.
-This is helpful to prevent system locale archive updates from overwriting
-custom locales created with
-.BR localedef .
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-hard\-links
-Do not create hard links between installed locales.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-no\-warnings= warnings
-Comma-separated list of warnings to disable.
-Supported warnings are
-.I ascii
-and
-.IR intcurrsym .
-.TP
-.B \-\-posix
-Conform strictly to POSIX.
-Implies
-.BR \-\-verbose .
-This option currently has no other effect.
-POSIX conformance is assumed if the environment variable
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-is set.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-prefix= pathname
-Set the prefix to be prepended to the full archive pathname.
-By default, the prefix is empty.
-Setting the prefix to
-.IR foo ,
-the archive would be placed in
-.IR foo/usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive .
-.TP
-.B \-\-quiet
-Suppress all notifications and warnings, and report only fatal errors.
-.TP
-.B \-\-replace
-Replace a locale in the locale archive file.
-Without this option, if the locale is in the archive file already,
-an error occurs.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-warnings= warnings
-Comma-separated list of warnings to enable.
-Supported warnings are
-.I ascii
-and
-.IR intcurrsym .
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Print a usage summary and exit.
-Also prints the default paths used by
-.BR localedef .
-.TP
-.B "\-\-usage"
-Print a short usage summary and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for
-.BR localedef .
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-One of the following exit values can be returned by
-.BR localedef :
-.TP
-.B 0
-Command completed successfully.
-.TP
-.B 1
-Warnings or errors occurred, output files were written.
-.TP
-.B 4
-Errors encountered, no output created.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.TP
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-The
-.B \-\-posix
-flag is assumed if this environment variable is set.
-.TP
-.B I18NPATH
-A colon-separated list of search directories for files.
-.SH FILES
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/i18n/charmaps
-Usual default character map path.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/i18n/locales
-Usual default path for locale definition files.
-.TP
-.I /usr/share/i18n/repertoiremaps
-Usual default repertoire map path.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive
-Usual default locale archive location.
-.TP
-.I /usr/lib/locale
-Usual default path for compiled individual locale data files.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_ADDRESS
-An output file that contains information about formatting of
-addresses and geography-related items.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_COLLATE
-An output file that contains information about the rules for comparing
-strings.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_CTYPE
-An output file that contains information about character classes.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_IDENTIFICATION
-An output file that contains metadata about the locale.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_MEASUREMENT
-An output file that contains information about locale measurements
-(metric versus US customary).
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_MESSAGES/SYS_LC_MESSAGES
-An output file that contains information about the language messages
-should be printed in, and what an affirmative or negative answer looks
-like.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_MONETARY
-An output file that contains information about formatting of monetary
-values.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_NAME
-An output file that contains information about salutations for persons.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_NUMERIC
-An output file that contains information about formatting of nonmonetary
-numeric values.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_PAPER
-An output file that contains information about settings related to
-standard paper size.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_TELEPHONE
-An output file that contains information about formats to be used with
-telephone services.
-.TP
-.I outputpath/LC_TIME
-An output file that contains information about formatting of data and
-time values.
-.SH STANDARDS
-POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-Compile the locale files for Finnish in the UTF\-8 character set
-and add it to the default locale archive with the name
-.BR fi_FI.UTF\-8 :
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_FI fi_FI.UTF\-8
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The next example does the same thing, but generates files into the
-.I fi_FI.UTF\-8
-directory which can then be used by programs when the environment
-variable
-.B LOCPATH
-is set to the current directory (note that the last argument must
-contain a slash):
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_FI ./fi_FI.UTF\-8
-.EE
-.in
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR locale (1),
-.BR charmap (5),
-.BR locale (5),
-.BR repertoiremap (5),
-.BR locale (7)
diff --git a/man1/memusage.1 b/man1/memusage.1
deleted file mode 100644
index b46ecc9dc..000000000
--- a/man1/memusage.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
-.\" and Copyright (C) 2014, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.TH MEMUSAGE 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-memusage \- profile memory usage of a program
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR memusage " [\fIoption\fR]... \fIprogram\fR [\fIprogramoption\fR]..."
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B memusage
-is a bash script which profiles memory usage of the program,
-.IR program .
-It preloads the
-.B libmemusage.so
-library into the caller's environment (via the
-.B LD_PRELOAD
-environment variable; see
-.BR ld.so (8)).
-The
-.B libmemusage.so
-library traces memory allocation by intercepting calls to
-.BR malloc (3),
-.BR calloc (3),
-.BR free (3),
-and
-.BR realloc (3);
-optionally, calls to
-.BR mmap (2),
-.BR mremap (2),
-and
-.BR munmap (2)
-can also be intercepted.
-.PP
-.B memusage
-can output the collected data in textual form, or it can use
-.BR memusagestat (1)
-(see the
-.B \-p
-option, below)
-to create a PNG file containing graphical representation
-of the collected data.
-.SS Memory usage summary
-The "Memory usage summary" line output by
-.B memusage
-contains three fields:
-.RS 4
-.TP
-\fBheap total\fR
-Sum of \fIsize\fR arguments of all
-.BR malloc (3)
-calls,
-products of arguments (\fInmemb\fR*\fIsize\fR) of all
-.BR calloc (3)
-calls,
-and sum of \fIlength\fR arguments of all
-.BR mmap (2)
-calls.
-In the case of
-.BR realloc (3)
-and
-.BR mremap (2),
-if the new size of an allocation is larger than the previous size,
-the sum of all such differences (new size minus old size) is added.
-.TP
-.B "heap peak"
-Maximum of all \fIsize\fR arguments of
-.BR malloc (3),
-all products of \fInmemb\fR*\fIsize\fR of
-.BR calloc (3),
-all \fIsize\fR arguments of
-.BR realloc (3),
-.I length
-arguments of
-.BR mmap (2),
-and
-\fInew_size\fR arguments of
-.BR mremap (2).
-.TP
-.B "stack peak"
-Before the first call to any monitored function,
-the stack pointer address (base stack pointer) is saved.
-After each function call, the actual stack pointer address is read and
-the difference from the base stack pointer computed.
-The maximum of these differences is then the stack peak.
-.RE
-.PP
-Immediately following this summary line, a table shows the number calls,
-total memory allocated or deallocated,
-and number of failed calls for each intercepted function.
-For
-.BR realloc (3)
-and
-.BR mremap (2),
-the additional field "nomove" shows reallocations that
-changed the address of a block,
-and the additional "dec" field shows reallocations that
-decreased the size of the block.
-For
-.BR realloc (3),
-the additional field "free" shows reallocations that
-caused a block to be freed (i.e., the reallocated size was 0).
-.PP
-The "realloc/total memory" of the table output by
-.B memusage
-does not reflect cases where
-.BR realloc (3)
-is used to reallocate a block of memory
-to have a smaller size than previously.
-This can cause sum of all "total memory" cells (excluding "free")
-to be larger than the "free/total memory" cell.
-.SS Histogram for block sizes
-The "Histogram for block sizes" provides a breakdown of memory
-allocations into various bucket sizes.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BI \-n\ name \fR,\ \fB\-\-progname= name
-Name of the program file to profile.
-.TP
-.BI \-p\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-png= file
-Generate PNG graphic and store it in
-.IR file .
-.TP
-.BI \-d\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-data= file
-Generate binary data file and store it in
-.IR file .
-.TP
-.B \-u\fR,\ \fB\-\-unbuffered
-Do not buffer output.
-.TP
-.BI \-b\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-buffer= size
-Collect
-.I size
-entries before writing them out.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-timer
-Disable timer-based
-.RB ( SIGPROF )
-sampling of stack pointer value.
-.TP
-.B \-m\fR,\ \fB\-\-mmap
-Also trace
-.BR mmap (2),
-.BR mremap (2),
-and
-.BR munmap (2).
-.TP
-.B \-?\fR,\ \fB\-\-help
-Print help and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-usage
-Print a short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-V\fR,\ \fB\-\-version
-Print version information and exit.
-.TP
-The following options apply only when generating graphical output:
-.TP
-.B \-t\fR,\ \fB\-\-time\-based
-Use time (rather than number of function calls) as the scale for the X axis.
-.TP
-.B \-T\fR,\ \fB\-\-total
-Also draw a graph of total memory use.
-.TP
-.BI \fB\-\-title= name
-Use
-.I name
-as the title of the graph.
-.TP
-.BI \-x\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-x\-size= size
-Make the graph
-.I size
-pixels wide.
-.TP
-.BI \-y\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-y\-size= size
-Make the graph
-.I size
-pixels high.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The exit status of
-.B memusage
-is equal to the exit status of the profiled program.
-.SH BUGS
-To report bugs, see
-.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html
-.UE
-.SH EXAMPLES
-Below is a simple program that reallocates a block of
-memory in cycles that rise to a peak before then cyclically
-reallocating the memory in smaller blocks that return to zero.
-After compiling the program and running the following commands,
-a graph of the memory usage of the program can be found in the file
-.IR memusage.png :
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBmemusage \-\-data=memusage.dat ./a.out\fP
-\&...
-Memory usage summary: heap total: 45200, heap peak: 6440, stack peak: 224
- total calls total memory failed calls
- malloc| 1 400 0
-realloc| 40 44800 0 (nomove:40, dec:19, free:0)
- calloc| 0 0 0
- free| 1 440
-Histogram for block sizes:
- 192\-207 1 2% ================
-\&...
- 2192\-2207 1 2% ================
- 2240\-2255 2 4% =================================
- 2832\-2847 2 4% =================================
- 3440\-3455 2 4% =================================
- 4032\-4047 2 4% =================================
- 4640\-4655 2 4% =================================
- 5232\-5247 2 4% =================================
- 5840\-5855 2 4% =================================
- 6432\-6447 1 2% ================
-$ \fBmemusagestat memusage.dat memusage.png\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.SS Program source
-.EX
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#define CYCLES 20
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
- int i, j;
- size_t size;
- int *p;
-
- size = sizeof(*p) * 100;
- printf("malloc: %zu\en", size);
- p = malloc(size);
-
- for (i = 0; i < CYCLES; i++) {
- if (i < CYCLES / 2)
- j = i;
- else
- j\-\-;
-
- size = sizeof(*p) * (j * 50 + 110);
- printf("realloc: %zu\en", size);
- p = realloc(p, size);
-
- size = sizeof(*p) * ((j + 1) * 150 + 110);
- printf("realloc: %zu\en", size);
- p = realloc(p, size);
- }
-
- free(p);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
-.EE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR memusagestat (1),
-.BR mtrace (1),
-.BR ld.so (8)
diff --git a/man1/memusagestat.1 b/man1/memusagestat.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 23c3f3a55..000000000
--- a/man1/memusagestat.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.TH MEMUSAGESTAT 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-memusagestat \- generate graphic from memory profiling data
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR memusagestat " [\fIoption\fR]... \fIdatafile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]"
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B memusagestat
-creates a PNG file containing a graphical representation of the
-memory profiling data in the file
-.IR datafile ;
-that file is generated via the
-.I \-d
-(or
-.IR \-\-data )
-option of
-.BR memusage (1).
-.PP
-The red line in the graph shows the heap usage (allocated memory)
-and the green line shows the stack usage.
-The x-scale is either the number of memory-handling function calls or
-(if the
-.I \-t
-option is specified)
-time.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BI \-o\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-output= file
-Name of the output file.
-.TP
-.BI \-s\ string \fR,\ \fB\-\-string= string
-Use
-.I string
-as the title inside the output graph.
-.TP
-.B \-t\fR,\ \fB\-\-time
-Use time (rather than number of function calls) as the scale for the X axis.
-.TP
-.B \-T\fR,\ \fB\-\-total
-Also draw a graph of total memory consumption.
-.TP
-.BI \-x\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-x\-size= size
-Make the output graph
-.I size
-pixels wide.
-.TP
-.BI \-y\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-y\-size= size
-Make the output graph
-.I size
-pixels high.
-.TP
-.B \-?\fR,\ \fB\-\-help
-Print a help message and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-usage
-Print a short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-V\fR,\ \fB\-\-version
-Print version information and exit.
-.SH BUGS
-To report bugs, see
-.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html
-.UE
-.SH EXAMPLES
-See
-.BR memusage (1).
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR memusage (1),
-.BR mtrace (1)
diff --git a/man1/mtrace.1 b/man1/mtrace.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ef356221..000000000
--- a/man1/mtrace.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer (pschiffe@redhat.com)
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.TH MTRACE 1 2021-03-22 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-mtrace \- interpret the malloc trace log
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR mtrace " [\fIoption\fR]... [\fIbinary\fR] \fImtracedata\fR"
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mtrace
-is a Perl script used to interpret and provide human readable output
-of the trace log contained in the file
-.IR mtracedata ,
-whose contents were produced by
-.BR mtrace (3).
-If
-.I binary
-is provided, the output of
-.B mtrace
-also contains the source file name with line number information
-for problem locations
-(assuming that
-.I binary
-was compiled with debugging information).
-.PP
-For more information about the
-.BR mtrace (3)
-function and
-.B mtrace
-script usage, see
-.BR mtrace (3).
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-\-help
-Print help and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-version
-Print version information and exit.
-.SH BUGS
-For bug reporting instructions, please see:
-.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html
-.UE .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR memusage (1),
-.BR mtrace (3)
diff --git a/man1/pldd.1 b/man1/pldd.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e568c82a..000000000
--- a/man1/pldd.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH PLDD 1 2020-11-01 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-pldd \- display dynamic shared objects linked into a process
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BI "pldd " "pid"
-.BI pldd " option"
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B pldd
-command displays a list of the dynamic shared objects (DSOs) that are
-linked into the process with the specified process ID (PID).
-The list includes the libraries that have been dynamically loaded using
-.BR dlopen (3).
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Display a help message and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-usage
-Display a short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Display program version information and exit.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-On success,
-.B pldd
-exits with the status 0.
-If the specified process does not exist,
-the user does not have permission to access
-its dynamic shared object list,
-or no command-line arguments are supplied,
-.B pldd
-exists with a status of 1.
-If given an invalid option, it exits with the status 64.
-.SH VERSIONS
-.B pldd
-is available since glibc 2.15.
-.SH STANDARDS
-The
-.B pldd
-command is not specified by POSIX.1.
-Some other systems
-.\" There are man pages on Solaris and HP-UX.
-have a similar command.
-.SH NOTES
-The command
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-lsof \-p PID
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-also shows output that includes the dynamic shared objects
-that are linked into a process.
-.PP
-The
-.BR gdb (1)
-.I "info shared"
-command also shows the shared libraries being used by a process,
-so that one can obtain similar output to
-.B pldd
-using a command such as the following
-(to monitor the process with the specified
-.IR pid ):
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBgdb \-ex "set confirm off" \-ex "set height 0" \-ex "info shared" \e\fP
- \fB\-ex "quit" \-p $pid | grep \(aq\(ha0x.*0x\(aq\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.SH BUGS
-From glibc 2.19 to 2.29,
-.B pldd
-was broken: it just hung when executed.
-.\" glibc commit 1a4c27355e146b6d8cc6487b998462c7fdd1048f
-This problem was fixed in glibc 2.30, and the fix has been backported
-to earlier glibc versions in some distributions.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.EX
-$ \fBecho $$\fP # Display PID of shell
-1143
-$ \fBpldd $$\fP # Display DSOs linked into the shell
-1143: /usr/bin/bash
-linux\-vdso.so.1
-/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
-/lib64/libdl.so.2
-/lib64/libc.so.6
-/lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2
-/lib64/libnss_files.so.2
-.EE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR ldd (1),
-.BR lsof (1),
-.BR dlopen (3),
-.BR ld.so (8)
diff --git a/man1/sprof.1 b/man1/sprof.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 35bd42c3d..000000000
--- a/man1/sprof.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,274 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH SPROF 1 2020-11-01 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-sprof \- read and display shared object profiling data
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR sprof " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIshared-object-path\fP \
-[\fIprofile-data-path\fP]"
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B sprof
-command displays a profiling summary for the
-shared object (shared library) specified as its first command-line argument.
-The profiling summary is created using previously generated
-profiling data in the (optional) second command-line argument.
-If the profiling data pathname is omitted, then
-.B sprof
-will attempt to deduce it using the soname of the shared object,
-looking for a file with the name
-.I <soname>.profile
-in the current directory.
-.SH OPTIONS
-The following command-line options specify the profile output
-to be produced:
-.TP
-.BR \-c ", " \-\-call\-pairs
-Print a list of pairs of call paths for the interfaces exported
-by the shared object,
-along with the number of times each path is used.
-.TP
-.BR \-p ", " \-\-flat\-profile
-Generate a flat profile of all of the functions in the monitored object,
-with counts and ticks.
-.TP
-.BR \-q ", " \-\-graph
-Generate a call graph.
-.PP
-If none of the above options is specified,
-then the default behavior is to display a flat profile and a call graph.
-.PP
-The following additional command-line options are available:
-.TP
-.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
-Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit.
-.TP
-.B \-\-usage
-Display a short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Display the program version and exit.
-.SH STANDARDS
-The
-.B sprof
-command is a GNU extension, not present in POSIX.1.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-The following example demonstrates the use of
-.BR sprof .
-The example consists of a main program that calls two functions
-in a shared object.
-First, the code of the main program:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBcat prog.c\fP
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-void x1(void);
-void x2(void);
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
- x1();
- x2();
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The functions
-.IR x1 ()
-and
-.IR x2 ()
-are defined in the following source file that is used to
-construct the shared object:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBcat libdemo.c\fP
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-void
-consumeCpu1(int lim)
-{
- for (int j = 0; j < lim; j++)
- getppid();
-}
-
-void
-x1(void) {
- for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
- consumeCpu1(200000);
-}
-
-void
-consumeCpu2(int lim)
-{
- for (int j = 0; j < lim; j++)
- getppid();
-}
-
-void
-x2(void)
-{
- for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++)
- consumeCpu2(10000);
-}
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Now we construct the shared object with the real name
-.IR libdemo.so.1.0.1 ,
-and the soname
-.IR libdemo.so.1 :
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBcc \-g \-fPIC \-shared \-Wl,\-soname,libdemo.so.1 \e\fP
- \fB\-o libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.c\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Then we construct symbolic links for the library soname and
-the library linker name:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBln \-sf libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.so.1\fP
-$ \fBln \-sf libdemo.so.1 libdemo.so\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Next, we compile the main program, linking it against the shared object,
-and then list the dynamic dependencies of the program:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBcc \-g \-o prog prog.c \-L. \-ldemo\fP
-$ \fBldd prog\fP
- linux\-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff86d66000)
- libdemo.so.1 => not found
- libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd4dc138000)
- /lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 (0x00007fd4dc51f000)
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-In order to get profiling information for the shared object,
-we define the environment variable
-.B LD_PROFILE
-with the soname of the library:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBexport LD_PROFILE=libdemo.so.1\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-We then define the environment variable
-.B LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT
-with the pathname of the directory where profile output should be written,
-and create that directory if it does not exist already:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBexport LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT=$(pwd)/prof_data\fP
-$ \fBmkdir \-p $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-.B LD_PROFILE
-causes profiling output to be
-.I appended
-to the output file if it already exists,
-so we ensure that there is no preexisting profiling data:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBrm \-f $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/$LD_PROFILE.profile\fP
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-We then run the program to produce the profiling output,
-which is written to a file in the directory specified in
-.BR LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT :
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBLD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./prog\fP
-$ \fBls prof_data\fP
-libdemo.so.1.profile
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-We then use the
-.B sprof \-p
-option to generate a flat profile with counts and ticks:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBsprof \-p libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP
-Flat profile:
-
-Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
- % cumulative self self total
- time seconds seconds calls us/call us/call name
- 60.00 0.06 0.06 100 600.00 consumeCpu1
- 40.00 0.10 0.04 1000 40.00 consumeCpu2
- 0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x1
- 0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x2
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The
-.B sprof \-q
-option generates a call graph:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBsprof \-q libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP
-
-index % time self children called name
-
- 0.00 0.00 100/100 x1 [1]
-[0] 100.0 0.00 0.00 100 consumeCpu1 [0]
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
- 0.00 0.00 1/1 <UNKNOWN>
-[1] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x1 [1]
- 0.00 0.00 100/100 consumeCpu1 [0]
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
- 0.00 0.00 1000/1000 x2 [3]
-[2] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1000 consumeCpu2 [2]
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
- 0.00 0.00 1/1 <UNKNOWN>
-[3] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x2 [3]
- 0.00 0.00 1000/1000 consumeCpu2 [2]
-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-Above and below, the "<UNKNOWN>" strings represent identifiers that
-are outside of the profiled object (in this example, these are instances of
-.IR main() ).
-.PP
-The
-.B sprof \-c
-option generates a list of call pairs and the number of their occurrences:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-$ \fBsprof \-c libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP
-<UNKNOWN> x1 1
-x1 consumeCpu1 100
-<UNKNOWN> x2 1
-x2 consumeCpu2 1000
-.EE
-.in
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR gprof (1),
-.BR ldd (1),
-.BR ld.so (8)
diff --git a/man1/time.1 b/man1/time.1
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d438feb7..000000000
--- a/man1/time.1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, 2000
-.\" Some fragments of text came from the time-1.7 info file.
-.\" Inspired by kromJx@crosswinds.net.
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0-or-later
-.\"
-.TH TIME 1 2019-03-06 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
-.SH NAME
-time \- time a simple command or give resource usage
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B time \c
-.RI [ options ] " command " [ arguments... ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.B time
-command runs the specified program
-.I command
-with the given arguments.
-When
-.I command
-finishes,
-.B time
-writes a message to standard error giving timing statistics
-about this program run.
-These statistics consist of (i) the elapsed real time
-between invocation and termination, (ii) the user CPU time
-(the sum of the
-.I tms_utime
-and
-.I tms_cutime
-values in a
-.I "struct tms"
-as returned by
-.BR times (2)),
-and (iii) the system CPU time (the sum of the
-.I tms_stime
-and
-.I tms_cstime
-values in a
-.I "struct tms"
-as returned by
-.BR times (2)).
-.PP
-Note: some shells (e.g.,
-.BR bash (1))
-have a built-in
-.B time
-command that provides similar information on the usage of time and
-possibly other resources.
-To access the real command, you may need to specify its pathname
-(something like
-.IR /usr/bin/time ).
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-p
-When in the POSIX locale, use the precise traditional format
-.IP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-"real %f\enuser %f\ensys %f\en"
-.EE
-.in
-.IP
-(with numbers in seconds)
-where the number of decimals in the output for %f is unspecified
-but is sufficient to express the clock tick accuracy, and at least one.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-If
-.I command
-was invoked, the exit status is that of
-.IR command .
-Otherwise, it is 127 if
-.I command
-could not be found, 126 if it could be found but could not be invoked,
-and some other nonzero value (1\(en125) if something else went wrong.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-The variables
-.BR LANG ,
-.BR LC_ALL ,
-.BR LC_CTYPE ,
-.BR LC_MESSAGES ,
-.BR LC_NUMERIC ,
-and
-.B NLSPATH
-are used for the text and formatting of the output.
-.B PATH
-is used to search for
-.IR command .
-.SH GNU VERSION
-Below a description of the GNU 1.7 version of
-.BR time .
-Disregarding the name of the utility, GNU makes it output lots of
-useful information, not only about time used, but also on other
-resources like memory, I/O and IPC calls (where available).
-The output is formatted using a format string that can be specified
-using the
-.I \-f
-option or the
-.B TIME
-environment variable.
-.PP
-The default format string is:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-%Uuser %Ssystem %Eelapsed %PCPU (%Xtext+%Ddata %Mmax)k
-%Iinputs+%Ooutputs (%Fmajor+%Rminor)pagefaults %Wswaps
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-When the
-.I \-p
-option is given, the (portable) output format is used:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-real %e
-user %U
-sys %S
-.EE
-.in
-.\"
-.SS The format string
-The format is interpreted in the usual printf-like way.
-Ordinary characters are directly copied, tab, newline,
-and backslash are escaped using \et, \en, and \e\e,
-a percent sign is represented by %%, and otherwise %
-indicates a conversion.
-The program
-.B time
-will always add a trailing newline itself.
-The conversions follow.
-All of those used by
-.BR tcsh (1)
-are supported.
-.PP
-.B "Time"
-.TP
-.B %E
-Elapsed real time (in [hours:]minutes:seconds).
-.TP
-.B %e
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-Elapsed real time (in seconds).
-.TP
-.B %S
-Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in kernel mode.
-.TP
-.B %U
-Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in user mode.
-.TP
-.B %P
-Percentage of the CPU that this job got, computed as (%U + %S) / %E.
-.PP
-.B "Memory"
-.TP
-.B %M
-Maximum resident set size of the process during its lifetime, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %t
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-Average resident set size of the process, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %K
-Average total (data+stack+text) memory use of the process,
-in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %D
-Average size of the process's unshared data area, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %p
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-Average size of the process's unshared stack space, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %X
-Average size of the process's shared text space, in Kbytes.
-.TP
-.B %Z
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-System's page size, in bytes.
-This is a per-system constant, but varies between systems.
-.TP
-.B %F
-Number of major page faults that occurred while the process was running.
-These are faults where the page has to be read in from disk.
-.TP
-.B %R
-Number of minor, or recoverable, page faults.
-These are faults for pages that are not valid but which have
-not yet been claimed by other virtual pages.
-Thus the data
-in the page is still valid but the system tables must be updated.
-.TP
-.B %W
-Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory.
-.TP
-.B %c
-Number of times the process was context-switched involuntarily
-(because the time slice expired).
-.TP
-.B %w
-Number of waits: times that the program was context-switched voluntarily,
-for instance while waiting for an I/O operation to complete.
-.PP
-.B "I/O"
-.TP
-.B %I
-Number of filesystem inputs by the process.
-.TP
-.B %O
-Number of filesystem outputs by the process.
-.TP
-.B %r
-Number of socket messages received by the process.
-.TP
-.B %s
-Number of socket messages sent by the process.
-.TP
-.B %k
-Number of signals delivered to the process.
-.TP
-.B %C
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-Name and command-line arguments of the command being timed.
-.TP
-.B %x
-(Not in
-.BR tcsh (1).)
-Exit status of the command.
-.SS GNU options
-.TP
-.BI "\-f " format ", \-\-format=" format
-Specify output format, possibly overriding the format specified
-in the environment variable TIME.
-.TP
-.B "\-p, \-\-portability"
-Use the portable output format.
-.TP
-.BI "\-o " file ", \-\-output=" file
-Do not send the results to
-.IR stderr ,
-but overwrite the specified file.
-.TP
-.B "\-a, \-\-append"
-(Used together with \-o.) Do not overwrite but append.
-.TP
-.B "\-v, \-\-verbose"
-Give very verbose output about all the program knows about.
-.TP
-.B "\-q, \-\-quiet"
-Don't report abnormal program termination (where
-.I command
-is terminated by a signal) or nonzero exit status.
-.\"
-.SS GNU standard options
-.TP
-.B "\-\-help"
-Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-.TP
-.B "\-V, \-\-version"
-Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
-.TP
-.B "\-\-"
-Terminate option list.
-.SH BUGS
-Not all resources are measured by all versions of UNIX,
-so some of the values might be reported as zero.
-The present selection was mostly inspired by the data
-provided by 4.2 or 4.3BSD.
-.PP
-GNU time version 1.7 is not yet localized.
-Thus, it does not implement the POSIX requirements.
-.PP
-The environment variable
-.B TIME
-was badly chosen.
-It is not unusual for systems like
-.BR autoconf (1)
-or
-.BR make (1)
-to use environment variables with the name of a utility to override
-the utility to be used.
-Uses like MORE or TIME for options to programs
-(instead of program pathnames) tend to lead to difficulties.
-.PP
-It seems unfortunate that
-.I \-o
-overwrites instead of appends.
-(That is, the
-.I \-a
-option should be the default.)
-.PP
-Mail suggestions and bug reports for GNU
-.B time
-to
-.IR bug\-time@gnu.org .
-Please include the version of
-.BR time ,
-which you can get by running
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-time \-\-version
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-and the operating system
-and C compiler you used.
-.\" .SH AUTHORS
-.\" .TP
-.\" .IP "David Keppel"
-.\" Original version
-.\" .IP "David MacKenzie"
-.\" POSIXization, autoconfiscation, GNU getoptization,
-.\" documentation, other bug fixes and improvements.
-.\" .IP "Arne Henrik Juul"
-.\" Helped with portability
-.\" .IP "Francois Pinard"
-.\" Helped with portability
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR bash (1),
-.BR tcsh (1),
-.BR times (2),
-.BR wait3 (2)