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+'\" et
+.TH MKDIR "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.\"
+.SH NAME
+mkdir
+\(em make directories
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+mkdir \fB[\fR-p\fB] [\fR-m \fImode\fB] \fIdir\fR...
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.IR mkdir
+utility shall create the directories specified by the operands, in the
+order specified.
+.P
+For each
+.IR dir
+operand, the
+.IR mkdir
+utility shall perform actions equivalent to the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, called with the following arguments:
+.IP " 1." 4
+The
+.IR dir
+operand is used as the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.IP " 2." 4
+The value of the bitwise-inclusive OR of S_IRWXU, S_IRWXG, and S_IRWXO
+is used as the
+.IR mode
+argument. (If the
+.BR \-m
+option is specified, the value of the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+.IR mode
+argument is unspecified, but the directory shall at no time
+have permissions less restrictive than the
+.BR \-m
+.IR mode
+option-argument.)
+.SH OPTIONS
+The
+.IR mkdir
+utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines".
+.P
+The following options shall be supported:
+.IP "\fB\-m\ \fImode\fR" 10
+Set the file permission bits of the newly-created directory to the
+specified
+.IR mode
+value. The
+.IR mode
+option-argument shall be the same as the
+.IR mode
+operand defined for the
+.IR chmod
+utility. In the
+.IR symbolic_mode
+strings, the
+.IR op
+characters
+.BR '\(pl' 
+and
+.BR '\-' 
+shall be interpreted relative to an assumed initial mode of
+.IR a =\c
+.IR rwx ;
+.BR '\(pl' 
+shall add permissions to the default mode,
+.BR '\-' 
+shall delete permissions from the default mode.
+.IP "\fB\-p\fP" 10
+Create any missing intermediate pathname components.
+.RS 10 
+.P
+For each
+.IR dir
+operand that does not name an existing directory, before performing the
+actions described in the DESCRIPTION above, the
+.IR mkdir
+utility shall create any pathname components of the path prefix of
+.IR dir
+that do not name an existing directory by performing actions equivalent
+to first calling the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function with the following arguments:
+.IP " 1." 4
+A pathname naming the missing pathname component, ending with a trailing
+<slash>
+character, as the
+.IR path
+argument
+.IP " 2." 4
+The value zero as the
+.IR mode
+argument
+.P
+and then calling the
+\fIchmod\fR()
+function with the following arguments:
+.IP " 1." 4
+The same
+.IR path
+argument as in the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+call
+.IP " 2." 4
+The value
+.IR "(S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR|\(ti\fIfilemask\fP)&0777" \fR
+as the
+.IR mode
+argument, where
+.IR filemask
+is the file mode creation mask of the process (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fIumask\fR\^(\|)")
+.P
+Each
+.IR dir
+operand that names an existing directory shall be ignored without
+error.
+.RE
+.SH OPERANDS
+The following operand shall be supported:
+.IP "\fIdir\fR" 10
+A pathname of a directory to be created.
+.SH STDIN
+Not used.
+.SH "INPUT FILES"
+None.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+.IR mkdir :
+.IP "\fILANG\fP" 10
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
+unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables"
+for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
+text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
+multi-byte characters in arguments).
+.IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10
+.br
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
+.IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
+.IR LC_MESSAGES .
+.SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS"
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+Not used.
+.SH STDERR
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH "OUTPUT FILES"
+None.
+.SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
+None.
+.SH "EXIT STATUS"
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.IP "\00" 6
+All the specified directories were created successfully, or the
+.BR \-p
+option was specified and all the specified directories either already
+existed or were created successfully.
+.IP >0 6
+An error occurred.
+.SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS"
+Default.
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+The default file mode for directories is
+.IR a =\c
+.IR rwx
+(777 on most systems) with selected permissions removed in accordance
+with the file mode creation mask. For intermediate pathname components
+created by
+.IR mkdir ,
+the mode is the default modified by
+.IR u +\c
+.IR wx
+so that the subdirectories can always be created regardless of the file
+mode creation mask; if different ultimate permissions are desired for
+the intermediate directories, they can be changed afterwards with
+.IR chmod .
+.P
+Note that some of the requested directories may have been created even
+if an error occurs.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+None.
+.SH RATIONALE
+The System V
+.BR \-m
+option was included to control the file mode.
+.P
+The System V
+.BR \-p
+option was included to create any needed intermediate directories and
+to complement the functionality provided by
+.IR rmdir
+for removing directories in the path prefix as they become empty.
+Because no error is produced if any path component already exists, the
+.BR \-p
+option is also useful to ensure that a particular directory exists.
+.P
+The functionality of
+.IR mkdir
+is described substantially through a reference to the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017. For example, by default, the mode of the
+directory is affected by the file mode creation mask in accordance with
+the specified behavior of the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function. In this way, there is less duplication of effort required for
+describing details of the directory creation.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIchmod\fR\^",
+.IR "\fIrm\fR\^",
+.IR "\fIrmdir\fR\^",
+.IR "\fIumask\fR\^"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables",
+.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines"
+.P
+The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fImkdir\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIumask\fR\^(\|)"
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
+Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
+.PP
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .