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+'\" et
+.TH CHGRP "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.\"
+.SH NAME
+chgrp
+\(em change the file group ownership
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+chgrp \fB[\fR-h\fB] \fIgroup file\fR...
+.P
+chgrp -R \fB[\fR-H|-L|-P\fB] \fIgroup file\fR...
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.IR chgrp
+utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each
+.IR file
+operand to the group ID specified by the
+.IR group
+operand.
+.P
+For each
+.IR file
+operand, or, if the
+.BR \-R
+option is used, each file encountered while walking the directory
+trees specified by the
+.IR file
+operands, the
+.IR chgrp
+utility shall perform actions equivalent to the
+\fIchown\fR()
+function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, called with the following arguments:
+.IP " *" 4
+The
+.IR file
+operand shall be used as the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.IP " *" 4
+The user ID of the file shall be used as the
+.IR owner
+argument.
+.IP " *" 4
+The specified group ID shall be used as the
+.IR group
+argument.
+.P
+Unless
+.IR chgrp
+is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID
+and set-group-ID bits of a regular file shall be cleared upon successful
+completion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of other file types
+may be cleared.
+.SH OPTIONS
+The
+.IR chgrp
+utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines".
+.P
+The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
+.IP "\fB\-h\fP" 10
+For each
+.IR file
+operand that names a file of type symbolic link,
+.IR chgrp
+shall attempt to set the group ID of the symbolic link instead of the
+file referenced by the symbolic link.
+.IP "\fB\-H\fP" 10
+If the
+.BR \-R
+option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type
+directory is specified on the command line,
+.IR chgrp
+shall change the group of the directory referenced by the symbolic link
+and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
+.IP "\fB\-L\fP" 10
+If the
+.BR \-R
+option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type
+directory is specified on the command line or encountered during the
+traversal of a file hierarchy,
+.IR chgrp
+shall change the group of the directory referenced by the symbolic link
+and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
+.IP "\fB\-P\fP" 10
+If the
+.BR \-R
+option is specified and a symbolic link is specified on the command
+line or encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy,
+.IR chgrp
+shall change the group ID of the symbolic link. The
+.IR chgrp
+utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the
+file hierarchy.
+.IP "\fB\-R\fP" 10
+Recursively change file group IDs. For each
+.IR file
+operand that names a directory,
+.IR chgrp
+shall change the group of the directory and all files in the
+file hierarchy below it. Unless a
+.BR \-H ,
+.BR \-L ,
+or
+.BR \-P
+option is specified, it is unspecified which of these options will be
+used as the default.
+.P
+Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options
+.BR \-H ,
+.BR \-L ,
+and
+.BR \-P
+shall not be considered an error. The last option specified shall
+determine the behavior of the utility.
+.SH OPERANDS
+The following operands shall be supported:
+.IP "\fIgroup\fR" 10
+A group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either
+specifies a group ID to be given to each file named by one of the
+.IR file
+operands. If a numeric
+.IR group
+operand exists in the group database as a group name, the group ID
+number associated with that group name is used as the group ID.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR" 10
+A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.
+.SH STDIN
+Not used.
+.SH "INPUT FILES"
+None.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+.IR chgrp :
+.IP "\fILANG\fP" 10
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
+unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables"
+for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
+text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
+multi-byte characters in arguments).
+.IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10
+.br
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
+.IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
+.IR LC_MESSAGES .
+.SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS"
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+Not used.
+.SH STDERR
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH "OUTPUT FILES"
+None.
+.SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
+None.
+.SH "EXIT STATUS"
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.IP "\00" 6
+The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.
+.IP >0 6
+An error occurred.
+.SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS"
+Default.
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may
+change the owner or group of a file.
+.P
+Some implementations restrict the use of
+.IR chgrp
+to a user with appropriate privileges when the
+.IR group
+specified is not the effective group ID or one of the supplementary
+group IDs of the calling process.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+None.
+.SH RATIONALE
+The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some
+implementations used the exit status as a count of the number of errors
+that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it can overflow the
+range of valid exit status values. The standard developers chose to
+mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.
+.P
+The functionality of
+.IR chgrp
+is described substantially through references to
+\fIchown\fR().
+In this way, there is no duplication of effort required for describing
+the interactions of permissions, multiple groups, and so on.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIchmod\fR\^",
+.IR "\fIchown\fR\^"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables",
+.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines"
+.P
+The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fIchown\fR\^(\|)"
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
+Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
+.PP
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .