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diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/setlocale.3p b/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/setlocale.3p new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb4f94d --- /dev/null +++ b/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/setlocale.3p @@ -0,0 +1,441 @@ +'\" et +.TH SETLOCALE "3P" 2013 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.SH PROLOG +This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. +The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult +the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), +or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. + +.SH NAME +setlocale +\(em set program locale +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +.nf +#include <locale.h> +.P +char *setlocale(int \fIcategory\fP, const char *\fIlocale\fP); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the +ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the +ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 defers to the ISO\ C standard. +.P +The +\fIsetlocale\fR() +function selects the appropriate piece of the global locale, as specified +by the +.IR category +and +.IR locale +arguments, and can be used to change or query the entire global locale +or portions thereof. The value LC_ALL for +.IR category +names the entire global locale; other values for +.IR category +name only a part of the global locale: +.IP LC_COLLATE 12 +Affects the behavior of regular expressions and the collation +functions. +.IP LC_CTYPE 12 +Affects the behavior of regular expressions, character classification, +character conversion functions, and wide-character functions. +.IP LC_MESSAGES 12 +Affects the affirmative and negative response expressions returned by +\fInl_langinfo\fR() +and the way message catalogs are located. It may also affect the +behavior of functions that return or write message strings. +.IP LC_MONETARY 12 +Affects the behavior of functions that handle monetary values. +.IP LC_NUMERIC 12 +Affects the behavior of functions that handle numeric values. +.IP LC_TIME 12 +Affects the behavior of the time conversion functions. +.P +The +.IR locale +argument is a pointer to a character string containing the required +setting of +.IR category . +The contents of this string are implementation-defined. In addition, +the following preset values of +.IR locale +are defined for all settings of +.IR category : +.IP "\&\(dqPOSIX\(dq" 12 +Specifies the minimal environment for C-language translation called the +POSIX locale. The POSIX locale is the default global locale at entry to +\fImain\fR(). +.IP "\&\(dqC\(dq" 12 +Equivalent to +.BR \(dqPOSIX\(dq . +.IP "\&\(dq\|\(dq" 12 +Specifies an implementation-defined native environment. +The determination of the name of the new locale for the specified +category depends on the value of the associated environment +variables, +.IR LC_* +and +.IR LANG ; +see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Chapter 7" ", " "Locale" +and +.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables". +.IP "A\ null\ pointer" 12 +Directs +\fIsetlocale\fR() +to query the current global locale setting and return the name +of the locale if +.IR category +is not LC_ALL, or a string which encodes the locale name(s) for all of +the individual categories if +.IR category +is LC_ALL. +.P +Setting all of the categories of the global locale is similar to +successively setting each individual category of the global locale, except +that all error checking is done before any actions are performed. To +set all the categories of the global locale, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +can be invoked as: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +In this case, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall first verify that the values of all the environment variables it +needs according to the precedence rules (described in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables") +indicate supported locales. If the value of any of these environment +variable searches yields a locale that is not supported (and non-null), +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall return a null pointer and the global locale shall not be changed. If +all environment variables name supported locales, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall proceed as if it had been called for each category, using the +appropriate value from the associated environment variable or from the +implementation-defined default if there is no such value. +.P +The global locale established using +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall only be used in threads for which no current locale has been +set using +\fIuselocale\fR() +or whose current locale has been set to the global locale using +.IR uselocale (LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) . +.P +The implementation shall behave as if no function defined in this volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 calls +\fIsetlocale\fR(). +.SH "RETURN VALUE" +Upon successful completion, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall return the string associated with the specified category for the +new locale. Otherwise, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall return a null pointer and the global locale shall not be changed. +.P +A null pointer for +.IR locale +shall cause +\fIsetlocale\fR() +to return a pointer to the string associated with the specified +.IR category +for the current global locale. The global locale shall not be changed. +.P +The string returned by +\fIsetlocale\fR() +is such that a subsequent call with that string and its associated +.IR category +shall restore that part of the global locale. The application shall +not modify the string returned. +The returned string pointer might be invalidated or +the string content might be overwritten by a subsequent call to +\fIsetlocale\fR(). +.SH ERRORS +No errors are defined. +.LP +.IR "The following sections are informative." +.SH EXAMPLES +None. +.SH "APPLICATION USAGE" +The following code illustrates how a program can initialize the +international environment for one language, while selectively modifying +the global locale such that regular expressions and string operations +can be applied to text recorded in a different language: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +setlocale(LC_ALL, "De"); +setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "Fr@dict"); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +Internationalized programs can initiate language operation according +to environment variable settings (see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables") +by calling +\fIsetlocale\fR() +as follows: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +Changing the setting of +.IR LC_MESSAGES +has no effect on catalogs that have already been opened by calls to +\fIcatopen\fR(). +.P +In order to make use of different locale settings while multiple +threads are running, applications should use +\fIuselocale\fR() +in preference to +\fIsetlocale\fR(). +.SH RATIONALE +References to the international environment or locale in the following +text relate to the global locale for the process. This can be overridden +for individual threads using +\fIuselocale\fR(). +.P +The ISO\ C standard +defines a collection of functions to support internationalization. +One of the most significant aspects of these functions is a facility +to set and query the \fIinternational environment\fP. +The international environment is a repository of information that +affects the behavior of certain functionality, namely: +.IP " 1." 4 +Character handling +.IP " 2." 4 +Collating +.IP " 3." 4 +Date/time formatting +.IP " 4." 4 +Numeric editing +.IP " 5." 4 +Monetary formatting +.IP " 6." 4 +Messaging +.P +The +\fIsetlocale\fR() +function provides the application developer with the ability to set all +or portions, called \fIcategories\fP, of the international environment. +These categories correspond to the areas of functionality mentioned +above. The syntax for +\fIsetlocale\fR() +is as follows: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +char *setlocale(int \fIcategory\fP, const char *\fIlocale\fP); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +where +.IR category +is the name of one of following categories, namely: +.sp +.RS +LC_COLLATE +LC_CTYPE +LC_MESSAGES +LC_MONETARY +LC_NUMERIC +LC_TIME +.RE +.P +In addition, a special value called LC_ALL +directs +\fIsetlocale\fR() +to set all categories. +.P +There are two primary uses of +\fIsetlocale\fR(): +.IP " 1." 4 +Querying the international environment to find out what it is set to +.IP " 2." 4 +Setting the international environment, or +.IR locale , +to a specific value +.P +The behavior of +\fIsetlocale\fR() +in these two areas is described below. Since it is difficult to +describe the behavior in words, examples are used to illustrate the +behavior of specific uses. +.P +To query the international environment, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +is invoked with a specific category and the null pointer as the +locale. The null pointer is a special directive to +\fIsetlocale\fR() +that tells it to query rather than set the international environment. +The following syntax is used to query the name of the international +environment: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +setlocale({LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, \e + LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME},(char *) NULL); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +The +\fIsetlocale\fR() +function shall return the string corresponding to the current +international environment. This value may be used by a subsequent call to +\fIsetlocale\fR() +to reset the international environment to this value. However, it +should be noted that the return value from +\fIsetlocale\fR() +may be a pointer to a static area within the function and is not +guaranteed to remain unchanged (that is, it may be modified by a +subsequent call to +\fIsetlocale\fR()). +Therefore, if the purpose of calling +\fIsetlocale\fR() +is to save the value of the current international environment so it can +be changed and reset later, the return value should be copied to an +array of +.BR char +in the calling program. +.P +There are three ways to set the international environment with +\fIsetlocale\fR(): +.IP "\fIsetlocale\fP(\fIcategory\fP,\ \fIstring\fP)" 6 +.br +This usage sets a specific +.IR category +in the international environment to a specific value corresponding to +the value of the +.IR string . +A specific example is provided below: +.RS 6 +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +setlocale(LC_ALL, "fr_FR.ISO-8859-1"); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +In this example, all categories of the international environment are +set to the locale corresponding to the string +.BR \(dqfr_FR.ISO-8859-1\(dq , +or to the French language as spoken in France using the ISO/IEC\ 8859\(hy1:\|1998 standard codeset. +.P +If the string does not correspond to a valid locale, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall return a null pointer and the international environment is not +changed. Otherwise, +\fIsetlocale\fR() +shall return the name of the locale just set. +.RE +.IP "\&\fIsetlocale\fP(\fIcategory\fP,\ \(dqC\(dq)" 6 +.br +The ISO\ C standard states that one locale must exist on all conforming +implementations. The name of the locale is C and corresponds to a +minimal international environment needed to support the C programming +language. +.IP "\&\fIsetlocale\fP(\fIcategory\fP,\ \(dq\^\(dq)" 6 +.br +This sets a specific category to an implementation-defined default. +This corresponds to the value of the environment variables. +.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS" +None. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.ad l +.IR "\fIcatopen\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIexec\fR\^", +.IR "\fIfprintf\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIfscanf\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisalnum\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisalpha\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisblank\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiscntrl\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisdigit\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisgraph\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIislower\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisprint\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIispunct\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisspace\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisupper\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswalnum\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswalpha\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswblank\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswcntrl\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswctype\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswdigit\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswgraph\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswlower\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswprint\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswpunct\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswspace\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswupper\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIiswxdigit\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIisxdigit\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIlocaleconv\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fImblen\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fImbstowcs\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fImbtowc\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fInl_langinfo\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIperror\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIpsiginfo\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIsetlocale\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrcoll\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrerror\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrfmon\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrsignal\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrtod\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIstrxfrm\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fItolower\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fItoupper\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fItowlower\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fItowupper\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIuselocale\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIwcscoll\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIwcstod\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIwcstombs\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIwcsxfrm\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIwctomb\fR\^(\|)" +.ad b +.P +The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Chapter 7" ", " "Locale", +.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables", +.IR "\fB<langinfo.h>\fP", +.IR "\fB<locale.h>\fP" +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. +(This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the +event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.unix.org/online.html . + +Any typographical or formatting errors that appear +in this page are most likely +to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to +man page format. To report such errors, see +https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html . |