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diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/pthread_create.3p b/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/pthread_create.3p new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69bec24 --- /dev/null +++ b/man-pages-posix-2013/man3p/pthread_create.3p @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +'\" et +.TH PTHREAD_CREATE "3P" 2013 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.SH PROLOG +This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. +The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult +the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), +or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. + +.SH NAME +pthread_create +\(em thread creation +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +.nf +#include <pthread.h> +.P +int pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict \fIthread\fP, + const pthread_attr_t *restrict \fIattr\fP, + void *(*\fIstart_routine\fP)(void*), void *restrict \fIarg\fP); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +\fIpthread_create\fR() +function shall create a new thread, with attributes specified by +.IR attr , +within a process. If +.IR attr +is NULL, the default attributes shall be used. If the attributes +specified by +.IR attr +are modified later, the thread's attributes shall not be affected. +Upon successful completion, +\fIpthread_create\fR() +shall store the ID of the created thread in the location referenced by +.IR thread . +.P +The thread is created executing +.IR start_routine +with +.IR arg +as its sole argument. If the +.IR start_routine +returns, the effect shall be as if there was an implicit call to +\fIpthread_exit\fR() +using the return value of +.IR start_routine +as the exit status. Note that the thread in which +\fImain\fR() +was originally invoked differs from this. When it returns from +\fImain\fR(), +the effect shall be as if there was an implicit call to +\fIexit\fR() +using the return value of +\fImain\fR() +as the exit status. +.P +The signal state of the new thread shall be initialized as follows: +.IP " *" 4 +The signal mask shall be inherited from the creating thread. +.IP " *" 4 +The set of signals pending for the new thread shall be empty. +.P +The thread-local current locale +and the alternate stack +shall not be inherited. +.P +The floating-point environment shall be inherited from the creating +thread. +.P +If +\fIpthread_create\fR() +fails, no new thread is created and the contents of the location +referenced by +.IR thread +are undefined. +.P +If _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME is defined, the new thread shall have a +CPU-time clock accessible, and the initial value of this clock shall +be set to zero. +.P +The behavior is undefined if the value specified by the +.IR attr +argument to +\fIpthread_create\fR() +does not refer to an initialized thread attributes object. +.SH "RETURN VALUE" +If successful, the +\fIpthread_create\fR() +function shall return zero; otherwise, an error number shall be +returned to indicate the error. +.SH ERRORS +The +\fIpthread_create\fR() +function shall fail if: +.TP +.BR EAGAIN +The system lacked the necessary resources to create another thread, or +the system-imposed limit on the total number of threads in a process +{PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX} +would be exceeded. +.TP +.BR EPERM +The caller does not have appropriate privileges to set the required +scheduling parameters or scheduling policy. +.P +The +\fIpthread_create\fR() +function shall not return an error code of +.BR [EINTR] . +.LP +.IR "The following sections are informative." +.SH EXAMPLES +None. +.SH "APPLICATION USAGE" +There is no requirement on the implementation that the ID of the +created thread be available before the newly created thread starts +executing. The calling thread can obtain the ID of the created thread +through the return value of the +\fIpthread_create\fR() +function, and the newly created thread can obtain its ID by a call to +\fIpthread_self\fR(). +.SH RATIONALE +A suggested alternative to +\fIpthread_create\fR() +would be to define two separate operations: create and start. Some +applications would find such behavior more natural. Ada, in +particular, separates the ``creation'' of a task from its +``activation''. +.P +Splitting the operation was rejected by the standard developers for +many reasons: +.IP " *" 4 +The number of calls required to start a thread would increase from one +to two and thus place an additional burden on applications that do not +require the additional synchronization. The second call, however, +could be avoided by the additional complication of a start-up state +attribute. +.IP " *" 4 +An extra state would be introduced: ``created but not started''. This +would require the standard to specify the behavior of the thread +operations when the target has not yet started executing. +.IP " *" 4 +For those applications that require such behavior, it is possible to +simulate the two separate steps with the facilities that are currently +provided. The +\fIstart_routine\fR() +can synchronize by waiting on a condition variable that is signaled by +the start operation. +.P +An Ada implementor can choose to create the thread at either of two +points in the Ada program: when the task object is created, or when +the task is activated (generally at a ``begin''). If the first +approach is adopted, the +\fIstart_routine\fR() +needs to wait on a condition variable to receive the order to begin +``activation''. The second approach requires no such condition +variable or extra synchronization. In either approach, a separate Ada +task control block would need to be created when the task object is +created to hold rendezvous queues, and so on. +.P +An extension of the preceding model would be to allow the state of the +thread to be modified between the create and start. This would allow +the thread attributes object to be eliminated. This has been rejected +because: +.IP " *" 4 +All state in the thread attributes object has to be able to be set for +the thread. This would require the definition of functions to modify +thread attributes. There would be no reduction in the number of +function calls required to set up the thread. In fact, for an +application that creates all threads using identical attributes, the +number of function calls required to set up the threads would be +dramatically increased. Use of a thread attributes object permits the +application to make one set of attribute setting function calls. +Otherwise, the set of attribute setting function calls needs to be made +for each thread creation. +.IP " *" 4 +Depending on the implementation architecture, functions to set thread +state would require kernel calls, or for other implementation reasons +would not be able to be implemented as macros, thereby increasing the +cost of thread creation. +.IP " *" 4 +The ability for applications to segregate threads by class would be +lost. +.P +Another suggested alternative uses a model similar to that for process +creation, such as ``thread fork''. The fork semantics would provide +more flexibility and the ``create'' function can be implemented simply +by doing a thread fork followed immediately by a call to the desired +``start routine'' for the thread. This alternative has these +problems: +.IP " *" 4 +For many implementations, the entire stack of the calling thread would +need to be duplicated, since in many architectures there is no way to +determine the size of the calling frame. +.IP " *" 4 +Efficiency is reduced since at least some part of the stack has to be +copied, even though in most cases the thread never needs the copied +context, since it merely calls the desired start routine. +.P +If an implementation detects that the value specified by the +.IR attr +argument to +\fIpthread_create\fR() +does not refer to an initialized thread attributes object, it is +recommended that the function should fail and report an +.BR [EINVAL] +error. +.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS" +None. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IR "\fIfork\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIpthread_exit\fR\^(\|)", +.IR "\fIpthread_join\fR\^(\|)" +.P +The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 4.11" ", " "Memory Synchronization", +.IR "\fB<pthread.h>\fP" +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. +(This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the +event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.unix.org/online.html . + +Any typographical or formatting errors that appear +in this page are most likely +to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to +man page format. To report such errors, see +https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html . |