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+'\" et
+.TH MKDIR "3P" 2013 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+
+.SH NAME
+mkdir, mkdirat
+\(em make a directory relative to directory file descriptor
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+.P
+int mkdir(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP);
+int mkdirat(int \fIfd\fP, const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP);
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function shall create a new directory with name
+.IR path .
+The file permission bits of the new directory shall be initialized from
+.IR mode .
+These file permission bits of the
+.IR mode
+argument shall be modified by the process' file creation mask.
+.P
+When bits in
+.IR mode
+other than the file permission bits are set, the meaning of these
+additional bits is implementation-defined.
+.P
+The directory's user ID shall be set to the process' effective user ID.
+The directory's group ID shall be set to the group ID of the parent
+directory or to the effective group ID of the process. Implementations
+shall provide a way to initialize the directory's group ID to the group
+ID of the parent directory. Implementations may, but need not, provide
+an implementation-defined way to initialize the directory's group ID to
+the effective group ID of the calling process.
+.P
+The newly created directory shall be an empty directory.
+.P
+If
+.IR path
+names a symbolic link,
+\fImkdir\fR()
+shall fail and set
+.IR errno
+to
+.BR [EEXIST] .
+.P
+Upon successful completion,
+\fImkdir\fR()
+shall mark for update the last data access, last data modification,
+and last file status change timestamps of the directory. Also, the last
+data modification and last file status change timestamps of the directory
+that contains the new entry shall be marked for update.
+.P
+The
+\fImkdirat\fR()
+function shall be equivalent to the
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function except in the case where
+.IR path
+specifies a relative path. In this case the newly created directory is
+created relative to the directory associated with the file descriptor
+.IR fd
+instead of the current working directory. If the file descriptor was
+opened without O_SEARCH, the function shall check whether directory
+searches are permitted using the current permissions of the directory
+underlying the file descriptor. If the file descriptor was opened with
+O_SEARCH, the function shall not perform the check.
+.P
+If
+\fImkdirat\fR()
+is passed the special value AT_FDCWD in the
+.IR fd
+parameter, the current working directory shall be used and the behavior
+shall be identical to a call to
+\fImkdir\fR().
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+Upon successful completion, these functions shall return 0.
+Otherwise, these functions shall return \(mi1 and set
+.IR errno
+to indicate the error. If \(mi1 is returned, no directory shall be created.
+.SH ERRORS
+These functions shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EACCES
+Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix, or write
+permission is denied on the parent directory of the directory to be
+created.
+.TP
+.BR EEXIST
+The named file exists.
+.TP
+.BR ELOOP
+A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.TP
+.BR EMLINK
+The link count of the parent directory would exceed
+{LINK_MAX}.
+.TP
+.BR ENAMETOOLONG
+.br
+The length of a component of a pathname is longer than
+{NAME_MAX}.
+.TP
+.BR ENOENT
+A component of the path prefix specified by
+.IR path
+does not name an existing directory or
+.IR path
+is an empty string.
+.TP
+.BR ENOSPC
+The file system does not contain enough space to hold the contents of
+the new directory or to extend the parent directory of the new
+directory.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix names an existing file that is neither
+a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory.
+.TP
+.BR EROFS
+The parent directory resides on a read-only file system.
+.P
+In addition, the
+\fImkdirat\fR()
+function shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EBADF
+The
+.IR path
+argument does not specify an absolute path and the
+.IR fd
+argument is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor open for reading
+or searching.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTDIR
+The
+.IR path
+argument is not an absolute path and
+.IR fd
+is a file descriptor associated with a non-directory file.
+.P
+These functions may fail if:
+.TP
+.BR ELOOP
+More than
+{SYMLOOP_MAX}
+symbolic links were encountered during resolution of the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.TP
+.BR ENAMETOOLONG
+.br
+The length of a pathname exceeds
+{PATH_MAX},
+or pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate
+result with a length that exceeds
+{PATH_MAX}.
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS "Creating a Directory"
+.P
+The following example shows how to create a directory named
+.BR /home/cnd/mod1 ,
+with read/write/search permissions for owner and group, and with
+read/search permissions for others.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fB
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+.P
+int status;
+\&...
+status = mkdir("/home/cnd/mod1", S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH);
+.fi \fR
+.P
+.RE
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+None.
+.SH RATIONALE
+The
+\fImkdir\fR()
+function originated in 4.2 BSD and was added to System V in Release 3.0.
+.P
+4.3 BSD detects
+.BR [ENAMETOOLONG] .
+.P
+The POSIX.1\(hy1990 standard required that the group ID of a newly created directory be
+set to the group ID of its parent directory or to the effective group
+ID of the creating process. FIPS 151\(hy2 required that implementations provide
+a way to have the group ID be set to the group ID of the containing
+directory, but did not prohibit implementations also supporting a way
+to set the group ID to the effective group ID of the creating process.
+Conforming applications should not assume which group ID will be used. If
+it matters, an application can use
+\fIchown\fR()
+to set the group ID after the directory is created, or determine under
+what conditions the implementation will set the desired group ID.
+.P
+The purpose of the
+\fImkdirat\fR()
+function is to create a directory in directories other than the
+current working directory without exposure to race conditions. Any part
+of the path of a file could be changed in parallel to the call to
+\fImkdir\fR(),
+resulting in unspecified behavior. By opening a file descriptor for
+the target directory and using the
+\fImkdirat\fR()
+function it can be guaranteed that the newly created directory is
+located relative to the desired directory.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIchmod\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fImkdtemp\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fImknod\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIumask\fR\^(\|)"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008,
+.IR "\fB<sys_stat.h>\fP",
+.IR "\fB<sys_types.h>\fP"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+(This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.unix.org/online.html .
+
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .