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diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2013/man1p/kill.1p b/man-pages-posix-2013/man1p/kill.1p new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af6c32b --- /dev/null +++ b/man-pages-posix-2013/man1p/kill.1p @@ -0,0 +1,460 @@ +'\" et +.TH KILL "1P" 2013 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.SH PROLOG +This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. +The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult +the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), +or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. + +.SH NAME +kill +\(em terminate or signal processes +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +.nf +kill \(mis \fIsignal_name pid\fR... +.P +kill \(mil \fB[\fIexit_status\fB]\fR +.P +kill \fB[\fR\(mi\fIsignal_name\fB] \fIpid\fR... +.P +kill \fB[\fR\(mi\fIsignal_number\fB] \fIpid\fR... +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.IR kill +utility shall send a signal to the process or processes specified by +each +.IR pid +operand. +.P +For each +.IR pid +operand, the +.IR kill +utility shall perform actions equivalent to the +\fIkill\fR() +function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 called with the following arguments: +.IP " *" 4 +The value of the +.IR pid +operand shall be used as the +.IR pid +argument. +.IP " *" 4 +The +.IR sig +argument is the value specified by the +.BR \(mis +option, +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_number +option, or the +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_name +option, or by SIGTERM, if none of these options is specified. +.SH OPTIONS +The +.IR kill +utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines", +except that in the last two SYNOPSIS forms, the +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_number +and +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_name +options are usually more than a single character. +.P +The following options shall be supported: +.IP "\fB\(mil\fP" 10 +(The letter ell.) Write all values of +.IR signal_name +supported by the implementation, if no operand is given. If an +.IR exit_status +operand is given and it is a value of the +.BR '?' +shell special parameter (see +.IR "Section 2.5.2" ", " "Special Parameters" +and +.IR wait ) +corresponding to a process that was terminated by a signal, the +.IR signal_name +corresponding to the signal that terminated the process shall be +written. If an +.IR exit_status +operand is given and it is the unsigned decimal integer value of a +signal number, the +.IR signal_name +(the symbolic constant name without the +.BR SIG +prefix defined in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008) corresponding to that signal shall be +written. Otherwise, the results are unspecified. +.IP "\fB\(mis\ \fIsignal_name\fR" 10 +.br +Specify the signal to send, using one of the symbolic names defined in +the +.IR <signal.h> +header. Values of +.IR signal_name +shall be recognized in a case-independent fashion, without the +.BR SIG +prefix. In addition, the symbolic name 0 shall be recognized, +representing the signal value zero. The corresponding signal shall be +sent instead of SIGTERM. +.IP "\fB\(mi\fIsignal_name\fR" 10 +.br +Equivalent to +.BR \(mis +.IR signal_name . +.IP "\fB\(mi\fIsignal_number\fR" 10 +.br +Specify a non-negative decimal integer, +.IR signal_number , +representing the signal to be used instead of SIGTERM, as the +.IR sig +argument in the effective call to +\fIkill\fR(). +The correspondence between integer values and the +.IR sig +value used is shown in the following list. +.RS 10 +.P +The effects of specifying any +.IR signal_number +other than those listed below are undefined. +.IP 0 6 +0 +.IP 1 6 +SIGHUP +.IP 2 6 +SIGINT +.IP 3 6 +SIGQUIT +.IP 6 6 +SIGABRT +.IP 9 6 +SIGKILL +.IP 14 6 +SIGALRM +.IP 15 6 +SIGTERM +.P +If the first argument is a negative integer, it shall be interpreted as a +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_number +option, not as a negative +.IR pid +operand specifying a process group. +.RE +.SH OPERANDS +The following operands shall be supported: +.IP "\fIpid\fR" 10 +One of the following: +.RS 10 +.IP " 1." 4 +A decimal integer specifying a process or process group to be signaled. +The process or processes selected by positive, negative, and zero +values of the +.IR pid +operand shall be as described for the +\fIkill\fR() +function. If process number 0 is specified, all processes in the +current process group shall be signaled. For the effects of negative +.IR pid +numbers, see the +\fIkill\fR() +function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008. If the first +.IR pid +operand is negative, it should be preceded by +.BR \(dq\(mi\|\(mi\(dq +to keep it from being interpreted as an option. +.IP " 2." 4 +A job control job ID (see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 3.204" ", " "Job Control Job ID") +that identifies a background process group to be signaled. The job +control job ID notation is applicable only for invocations of +.IR kill +in the current shell execution environment; see +.IR "Section 2.12" ", " "Shell Execution Environment". +.RE +.IP "\fIexit_status\fR" 10 +A decimal integer specifying a signal number or the exit status of a +process terminated by a signal. +.SH STDIN +Not used. +.SH "INPUT FILES" +None. +.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" +The following environment variables shall affect the execution of +.IR kill : +.IP "\fILANG\fP" 10 +Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are +unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables" +for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine +the values of locale categories.) +.IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10 +If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the +other internationalization variables. +.IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10 +Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of +text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to +multi-byte characters in arguments). +.IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10 +.br +Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and +contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. +.IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10 +Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of +.IR LC_MESSAGES . +.SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS" +Default. +.SH STDOUT +When the +.BR \(mil +option is not specified, the standard output shall not be used. +.P +When the +.BR \(mil +option is specified, the symbolic name of each signal shall be written +in the following format: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +"%s%c", <\fIsignal_name\fR>, <\fIseparator\fR> +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +where the <\fIsignal_name\fP> is in uppercase, without the +.BR SIG +prefix, and the <\fIseparator\fP> shall be either a +<newline> +or a +<space>. +For the last signal written, <\fIseparator\fP> shall be a +<newline>. +.P +When both the +.BR \(mil +option and +.IR exit_status +operand are specified, the symbolic name of the corresponding signal +shall be written in the following format: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +"%s\en", <\fIsignal_name\fR> +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.SH STDERR +The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages. +.SH "OUTPUT FILES" +None. +.SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION" +None. +.SH "EXIT STATUS" +The following exit values shall be returned: +.IP "\00" 6 +At least one matching process was found for each +.IR pid +operand, and the specified signal was successfully processed for at +least one matching process. +.IP >0 6 +An error occurred. +.SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS" +Default. +.LP +.IR "The following sections are informative." +.SH "APPLICATION USAGE" +Process numbers can be found by using +.IR ps . +.P +The job control job ID notation is not required to work as expected +when +.IR kill +is operating in its own utility execution environment. In either of +the following examples: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +nohup kill %1 & +system("kill %1"); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +the +.IR kill +operates in a different environment and does not share the shell's +understanding of job numbers. +.SH EXAMPLES +Any of the commands: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +kill \(mi9 100 \(mi165 +kill \(mis kill 100 \(mi165 +kill \(mis KILL 100 \(mi165 +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +sends the SIGKILL signal to the process whose process ID is 100 and to +all processes whose process group ID is 165, assuming the sending +process has permission to send that signal to the specified processes, +and that they exist. +.P +The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 and this volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 do not require specific signal numbers for any +.IR signal_names . +Even the +.BR \(mi \c +.IR signal_number +option provides symbolic (although numeric) names for signals. If a +process is terminated by a signal, its exit status indicates the signal +that killed it, but the exact values are not specified. The +.IR kill +.BR \(mil +option, however, can be used to map decimal signal numbers and exit +status values into the name of a signal. The following example reports +the status of a terminated job: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +job +stat=$? +if [ $stat \(mieq 0 ] +then + echo job completed successfully. +elif [ $stat \(migt 128 ] +then + echo job terminated by signal SIG$(kill \(mil $stat). +else + echo job terminated with error code $stat. +fi +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +To send the default signal to a process group (say 123), an application +should use a command similar to one of the following: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +kill \(miTERM \(mi123 +kill \(mi\|\(mi \(mi123 +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.SH RATIONALE +The +.BR \(mil +option originated from the C shell, and is also implemented in the +KornShell. The C shell output can consist of multiple output lines +because the signal names do not always fit on a single line on some +terminal screens. The KornShell output also included the +implementation-defined signal numbers and was considered by the +standard developers to be too difficult for scripts to parse +conveniently. The specified output format is intended not only to +accommodate the historical C shell output, but also to permit an +entirely vertical or entirely horizontal listing on systems for which +this is appropriate. +.P +An early proposal invented the name SIGNULL as a +.IR signal_name +for signal 0 (used by the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008 to test for the existence of a process +without sending it a signal). Since the +.IR signal_name +0 can be used in this case unambiguously, SIGNULL has been removed. +.P +An early proposal also required symbolic +.IR signal_name s +to be recognized with or without the +.BR SIG +prefix. Historical versions of +.IR kill +have not written the +.BR SIG +prefix for the +.BR \(mil +option and have not recognized the +.BR SIG +prefix on +.IR signal_name s. +Since neither applications portability nor ease-of-use would be improved +by requiring this extension, it is no longer required. +.P +To avoid an ambiguity of an initial negative number argument specifying +either a signal number or a process group, POSIX.1\(hy2008 mandates that it is +always considered the former by implementations that support the XSI +option. It also requires that conforming applications always use the +.BR \(dq\(mi\|\(mi\(dq +options terminator argument when specifying a process group, unless an +option is also specified. +.P +The +.BR \(mis +option was added in response to international interest in providing +some form of +.IR kill +that meets the Utility Syntax Guidelines. +.P +The job control job ID notation is not required to work as expected +when +.IR kill +is operating in its own utility execution environment. In either of +the following examples: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf +\fB +nohup kill %1 & +system("kill %1"); +.fi \fR +.P +.RE +.P +the +.IR kill +operates in a different environment and does not understand how the +shell has managed its job numbers. +.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS" +None. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IR "Chapter 2" ", " "Shell Command Language", +.IR "\fIps\fR\^", +.IR "\fIwait\fR\^" +.P +The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "Section 3.204" ", " "Job Control Job ID", +.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables", +.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines", +.IR "\fB<signal.h>\fP" +.P +The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2008, +.IR "\fIkill\fR\^(\|)" +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. +(This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the +event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.unix.org/online.html . + +Any typographical or formatting errors that appear +in this page are most likely +to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to +man page format. To report such errors, see +https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html . |