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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "PWD" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" pwd 
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.SH NAME
+pwd \- return working directory name
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBpwd\fP \fB[\fP\fB-L | -P\fP \fB]\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIpwd\fP utility shall write to standard output an absolute pathname
+of the current working directory, which does not
+contain the filenames dot or dot-dot.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+The \fIpwd\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
+of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
+.LP
+The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
+.TP 7
+\fB-L\fP
+If the \fIPWD\fP environment variable contains an absolute pathname
+of the current directory that does not contain the
+filenames dot or dot-dot, \fIpwd\fP shall write this pathname to standard
+output. Otherwise, the \fB-L\fP option shall behave as
+the \fB-P\fP option.
+.TP 7
+\fB-P\fP
+The absolute pathname written shall not contain filenames that, in
+the context of the pathname, refer to files of type symbolic
+link.
+.sp
+.LP
+If both \fB-L\fP and \fB-P\fP are specified, the last one shall apply.
+If neither \fB-L\fP nor \fB-P\fP is specified, the
+\fIpwd\fP utility shall behave as if \fB-L\fP had been specified.
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+Not used.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+\fIpwd\fP:
+.TP 7
+\fILANG\fP
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
+are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
+for
+the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.TP 7
+\fILC_ALL\fP
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
+error.
+.TP 7
+\fINLSPATH\fP
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
+\&.\fP 
+.TP 7
+\fIPWD\fP
+If the \fB-P\fP option is in effect, this variable shall be set to
+an absolute pathname of the current working directory that
+does not contain any components that specify symbolic links, does
+not contain any components that are dot, and does not contain any
+components that are dot-dot. If an application sets or unsets the
+value of \fIPWD\fP,  the behavior of \fIpwd\fP is
+unspecified.
+.sp
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+The \fIpwd\fP utility output is an absolute pathname of the current
+working directory:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%s\\n", <\fP\fIdirectory pathname\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.TP 7
+\ 0
+Successful completion.
+.TP 7
+>0
+An error occurred.
+.sp
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+If an error is detected, output shall not be written to standard output,
+a diagnostic message shall be written to standard
+error, and the exit status is not zero.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+Some implementations have historically provided \fIpwd\fP as a shell
+special built-in command.
+.LP
+In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output may be written
+to standard output. This does not happen in historical
+implementations of \fIpwd\fP. Because \fIpwd\fP is frequently used
+in historical shell scripts without checking the exit status,
+it is important that the historical behavior is required here; therefore,
+the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS section specifically disallows
+any partial output being written to standard output.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIcd\fP, the System Interfaces volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+\fIgetcwd\fP()
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .