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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "IPCS" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" ipcs 
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.SH NAME
+ipcs \- report XSI interprocess communication facilities status
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBipcs\fP \fB[\fP\fB-qms\fP\fB][\fP\fB-a | -bcopt\fP\fB]\fP\fB\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIipcs\fP utility shall write information about active interprocess
+communication facilities.
+.LP
+Without options, information shall be written in short format for
+message queues, shared memory segments, and semaphore sets
+that are currently active in the system. Otherwise, the information
+that is displayed is controlled by the options specified.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+The \fIipcs\fP facility supports the Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
+.LP
+The \fIipcs\fP utility accepts the following options:
+.TP 7
+\fB-q\fP
+Write information about active message queues.
+.TP 7
+\fB-m\fP
+Write information about active shared memory segments.
+.TP 7
+\fB-s\fP
+Write information about active semaphore sets.
+.sp
+.LP
+If \fB-q\fP, \fB-m\fP, or \fB-s\fP are specified, only information
+about those facilities shall be written. If none of these
+three are specified, information about all three shall be written
+subject to the following options:
+.TP 7
+\fB-a\fP
+Use all print options. (This is a shorthand notation for \fB-b\fP,
+\fB-c\fP, \fB-o\fP, \fB-p\fP, and \fB-t\fP.)
+.TP 7
+\fB-b\fP
+Write information on maximum allowable size. (Maximum number of bytes
+in messages on queue for message queues, size of segments
+for shared memory, and number of semaphores in each set for semaphores.)
+.TP 7
+\fB-c\fP
+Write creator's user name and group name; see below.
+.TP 7
+\fB-o\fP
+Write information on outstanding usage. (Number of messages on queue
+and total number of bytes in messages on queue for message
+queues, and number of processes attached to shared memory segments.)
+.TP 7
+\fB-p\fP
+Write process number information. (Process ID of the last process
+to send a message and process ID of the last process to
+receive a message on message queues, process ID of the creating process,
+and process ID of the last process to attach or detach on
+shared memory segments.)
+.TP 7
+\fB-t\fP
+Write time information. (Time of the last control operation that changed
+the access permissions for all facilities, time of the
+last \fImsgsnd\fP() and \fImsgrcv\fP() operations
+on message queues, time of the last \fIshmat\fP() and \fIshmdt\fP()
+operations on shared memory, and time of the last \fIsemop\fP() operation
+on semaphores.)
+.sp
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+Not used.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.IP " *" 3
+The group database
+.LP
+.IP " *" 3
+The user database
+.LP
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+\fIipcs\fP:
+.TP 7
+\fILANG\fP
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
+are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
+for
+the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.TP 7
+\fILC_ALL\fP
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_CTYPE\fP
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
+of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
+opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
+.TP 7
+\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
+error.
+.TP 7
+\fINLSPATH\fP
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
+\&.\fP
+.TP 7
+\fITZ\fP
+Determine the timezone for the date and time strings written by \fIipcs\fP.
+If \fITZ\fP is unset or null, an unspecified
+default timezone shall be used.
+.sp
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+An introductory line shall be written with the format:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"IPC status from %s as of %s\\n", <\fP\fIsource\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIdate\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIsource\fP> indicates the source used to gather the statistics
+and <\fIdate\fP> is the information that
+would be produced by the \fIdate\fP command when invoked in the POSIX
+locale.
+.LP
+The \fIipcs\fP utility then shall create up to three reports depending
+upon the \fB-q\fP, \fB-m\fP, and \fB-s\fP options.
+The first report shall indicate the status of message queues, the
+second report shall indicate the status of shared memory
+segments, and the third report shall indicate the status of semaphore
+sets.
+.LP
+If the corresponding facility is not installed or has not been used
+since the last reboot, then the report shall be written out
+in the format:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%s facility not in system.\\n", <\fP\fIfacility\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIfacility\fP> is \fIMessage Queue\fP, \fIShared Memory\fP,
+or \fISemaphore\fP, as appropriate. If the
+facility has been installed and has been used since the last reboot,
+column headings separated by one or more spaces and followed
+by a <newline> shall be written as indicated below followed by the
+facility name written out using the format:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%s:\\n", <\fP\fIfacility\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIfacility\fP> is \fIMessage Queues\fP, \fIShared Memory\fP,
+or \fISemaphores\fP, as appropriate. On the
+second and third reports the column headings need not be written if
+the last column headings written already provide column
+headings for all information in that report.
+.LP
+The column headings provided in the first column below and the meaning
+of the information in those columns shall be given in
+order below; the letters in parentheses indicate the options that
+shall cause the corresponding column to appear; "all" means
+that the column shall always appear. Each column is separated by one
+or more <space>s. Note that these options only determine
+what information is provided for each report; they do not determine
+which reports are written.
+.TP 7
+T (all)
+Type of facility: 
+.TP 7
+\fBq\fP
+.RS
+Message queue.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fBm\fP
+.RS
+Shared memory segment.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fBs\fP
+.RS
+Semaphore.
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+This field is a single character written using the format \fB%c\fP
+\&.
+.TP 7
+ID (all)
+The identifier for the facility entry. This field shall be written
+using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+KEY (all)
+The key used as an argument to \fImsgget\fP(), \fIsemget\fP(), or
+\fIshmget\fP() to create the facility
+entry.  
+.TP 7
+\fBNote:\fP
+.RS
+The key of a shared memory segment is changed to IPC_PRIVATE when
+the segment has been removed until all processes attached to
+the segment detach it.
+.RE
+.sp
+This field shall be written using the format \fB0x%x\fP.
+.TP 7
+MODE (all)
+The facility access modes and flags. The mode shall consist of 11
+characters that are interpreted as follows. 
+.LP
+The first character shall be:
+.TP 7
+\fBS\fP
+.RS
+If a process is waiting on a \fImsgsnd\fP() operation.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fB-\fP
+.RS
+If the above is not true.
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+The second character shall be:
+.TP 7
+\fBR\fP
+.RS
+If a process is waiting on a \fImsgrcv\fP() operation.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fBC\fP\ or\ \fB-\fP
+.RS
+If the associated shared memory segment is to be cleared when the
+first attach operation is executed.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fB-\fP
+.RS
+If none of the above is true.
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+The next nine characters shall be interpreted as three sets of three
+bits each. The first set refers to the owner's permissions;
+the next to permissions of others in the usergroup of the facility
+entry; and the last to all others. Within each set, the first
+character indicates permission to read, the second character indicates
+permission to write or alter the facility entry, and the
+last character is a minus sign ( \fB'-'\fP ).
+.LP
+The permissions shall be indicated as follows:
+.TP 7
+\fIr\fP
+.RS
+If read permission is granted.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fIw\fP
+.RS
+If write permission is granted.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fIa\fP
+.RS
+If alter permission is granted.
+.RE
+.TP 7
+\fB-\fP
+.RS
+If the indicated permission is not granted.
+.RE
+.sp
+.LP
+The first character following the permissions specifies if there is
+an alternate or additional access control method associated
+with the facility. If there is no alternate or additional access control
+method associated with the facility, a single
+<space> shall be written; otherwise, another printable character is
+written.
+.TP 7
+OWNER (all)
+The user name of the owner of the facility entry. If the user name
+of the owner is found in the user database, at least the
+first eight column positions of the name shall be written using the
+format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the user ID of the owner shall
+be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+GROUP (all)
+The group name of the owner of the facility entry. If the group name
+of the owner is found in the group database, at least the
+first eight column positions of the name shall be written using the
+format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the group ID of the owner shall
+be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.sp
+.LP
+The following nine columns shall be only written out for message queues:
+.TP 7
+CREATOR (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The user name of the creator of the facility entry. If the user name
+of the creator is found in the user database, at least the
+first eight column positions of the name shall be written using the
+format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the user ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+CGROUP (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The group name of the creator of the facility entry. If the group
+name of the creator is found in the group database, at least
+the first eight column positions of the name shall be written using
+the format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the group ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+CBYTES (\fBa\fP,\fBo\fP)
+The number of bytes in messages currently outstanding on the associated
+message queue. This field shall be written using the
+format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+QNUM (\fBa\fP,\fBo\fP)
+The number of messages currently outstanding on the associated message
+queue. This field shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+QBYTES (\fBa\fP,\fBb\fP)
+The maximum number of bytes allowed in messages outstanding on the
+associated message queue. This field shall be written using
+the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+LSPID (\fBa\fP,\fBp\fP)
+The process ID of the last process to send a message to the associated
+queue. This field shall be written using the format: 
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%d", <\fP\fIpid\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIpid\fP> is 0 if no message has been sent to the corresponding
+message queue; otherwise, <\fIpid\fP>
+shall be the process ID of the last process to send a message to the
+queue.
+.TP 7
+LRPID (\fBa\fP,\fBp\fP)
+The process ID of the last process to receive a message from the associated
+queue. This field shall be written using the
+format: 
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%d", <\fP\fIpid\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIpid\fP> is 0 if no message has been received from the corresponding
+message queue; otherwise,
+<\fIpid\fP> shall be the process ID of the last process to receive
+a message from the queue.
+.TP 7
+STIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the last message was sent to the associated queue. If a message
+has been sent to the corresponding message queue, the
+hour, minute, and second of the last time a message was sent to the
+queue shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP :
+\fB%2.2d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP . Otherwise, the format \fB"\ no-entry"\fP
+shall be written.
+.TP 7
+RTIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the last message was received from the associated queue.
+If a message has been received from the corresponding message
+queue, the hour, minute, and second of the last time a message was
+received from the queue shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP . Otherwise, the format \fB"\ no-entry"\fP
+shall be written.
+.sp
+.LP
+The following eight columns shall be only written out for shared memory
+segments.
+.TP 7
+CREATOR (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The user of the creator of the facility entry. If the user name of
+the creator is found in the user database, at least the
+first eight column positions of the name shall be written using the
+format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the user ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+CGROUP (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The group name of the creator of the facility entry. If the group
+name of the creator is found in the group database, at least
+the first eight column positions of the name shall be written using
+the format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the group ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+NATTCH (\fBa\fP,\fBo\fP)
+The number of processes attached to the associated shared memory segment.
+This field shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+SEGSZ (\fBa\fP,\fBb\fP)
+The size of the associated shared memory segment. This field shall
+be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+CPID (\fBa\fP,\fBp\fP)
+The process ID of the creator of the shared memory entry. This field
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+LPID (\fBa\fP,\fBp\fP)
+The process ID of the last process to attach or detach the shared
+memory segment. This field shall be written using the format:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%d", <\fP\fIpid\fP\fB>
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+where <\fIpid\fP> is 0 if no process has attached the corresponding
+shared memory segment; otherwise, <\fIpid\fP>
+shall be the process ID of the last process to attach or detach the
+segment.
+.TP 7
+ATIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the last attach on the associated shared memory segment was
+completed. If the corresponding shared memory segment has
+ever been attached, the hour, minute, and second of the last time
+the segment was attached shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP . Otherwise, the format \fB"\ no-entry"\fP
+shall be written.
+.TP 7
+DTIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the last detach on the associated shared memory segment was
+completed. If the corresponding shared memory segment has
+ever been detached, the hour, minute, and second of the last time
+the segment was detached shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP . Otherwise, the format \fB"\ no-entry"\fP
+shall be written.
+.sp
+.LP
+The following four columns shall be only written out for semaphore
+sets:
+.TP 7
+CREATOR (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The user of the creator of the facility entry. If the user name of
+the creator is found in the user database, at least the
+first eight column positions of the name shall be written using the
+format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the user ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+CGROUP (\fBa\fP,\fBc\fP)
+The group name of the creator of the facility entry. If the group
+name of the creator is found in the group database, at least
+the first eight column positions of the name shall be written using
+the format \fB%s\fP . Otherwise, the group ID of the creator
+shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+NSEMS (\fBa\fP,\fBb\fP)
+The number of semaphores in the set associated with the semaphore
+entry. This field shall be written using the format
+\fB%d\fP .
+.TP 7
+OTIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the last semaphore operation on the set associated with the
+semaphore entry was completed. If a semaphore operation
+has ever been performed on the corresponding semaphore set, the hour,
+minute, and second of the last semaphore operation on the
+semaphore set shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP
+: \fB%2.2d\fP . Otherwise, the format
+\fB"\ no-entry"\fP shall be written.
+.sp
+.LP
+The following column shall be written for all three reports when it
+is requested:
+.TP 7
+CTIME (\fBa\fP,\fBt\fP)
+The time the associated entry was created or changed. The hour, minute,
+and second of the time when the associated entry was
+created shall be written using the format \fB%d\fP : \fB%2.2d\fP :
+\fB%2.2d\fP .
+.sp
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.TP 7
+\ 0
+Successful completion.
+.TP 7
+>0
+An error occurred.
+.sp
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+Default.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+Things can change while \fIipcs\fP is running; the information it
+gives is guaranteed to be accurate only when it was
+retrieved.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+The System Interfaces volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fImsgrcv\fP(),
+\fImsgsnd\fP(), \fIsemget\fP(), \fIsemop\fP(), \fIshmat\fP(), \fIshmdt\fP(),
+\fIshmget\fP()
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .