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Diffstat (limited to 'man/man3/strerror.3')
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diff --git a/man/man3/strerror.3 b/man/man3/strerror.3 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8dc65dc67 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/man3/strerror.3 @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ +'\" t +.\" Copyright (C) 1993 David Metcalfe (david@prism.demon.co.uk) +.\" and Copyright (C) 2005, 2014, 2020 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft +.\" +.\" References consulted: +.\" Linux libc source code +.\" Lewine's _POSIX Programmer's Guide_ (O'Reilly & Associates, 1991) +.\" 386BSD man pages +.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 18:05:30 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu> +.\" Modified Fri Feb 16 14:25:17 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl> +.\" Modified Sun Jul 21 20:55:44 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl> +.\" Modified Mon Oct 15 21:16:25 2001 by John Levon <moz@compsoc.man.ac.uk> +.\" Modified Tue Oct 16 00:04:43 2001 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl> +.\" Modified Fri Jun 20 03:04:30 2003 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl> +.\" 2005-12-13, mtk, Substantial rewrite of strerror_r() description +.\" Addition of extra material on portability and standards. +.\" +.TH strerror 3 (date) "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" +.SH NAME +strerror, strerrorname_np, strerrordesc_np, strerror_r, strerror_l \- +return string describing error number +.SH LIBRARY +Standard C library +.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +.B #include <string.h> +.P +.BI "char *strerror(int " errnum ); +.BI "const char *strerrorname_np(int " errnum ); +.BI "const char *strerrordesc_np(int " errnum ); +.P +.BI "int strerror_r(int " errnum ", char " buf [. buflen "], size_t " buflen ); + /* XSI-compliant */ +.P +.BI "char *strerror_r(int " errnum ", char " buf [. buflen "], size_t " buflen ); + /* GNU-specific */ +.P +.BI "char *strerror_l(int " errnum ", locale_t " locale ); +.fi +.P +.RS -4 +Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see +.BR feature_test_macros (7)): +.RE +.P +.BR strerrorname_np (), +.BR strerrordesc_np (): +.nf + _GNU_SOURCE +.fi +.P +.BR strerror_r (): +.nf + The XSI-compliant version is provided if: + (_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L) && ! _GNU_SOURCE + Otherwise, the GNU-specific version is provided. +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.BR strerror () +function returns a pointer to a string that describes the error +code passed in the argument +.IR errnum , +possibly using the +.B LC_MESSAGES +part of the current locale to select the appropriate language. +(For example, if +.I errnum +is +.BR EINVAL , +the returned description will be "Invalid argument".) +This string must not be modified by the application, +and the returned pointer will be invalidated on a subsequent call to +.BR strerror () +or +.BR strerror_l (), +or if the thread that obtained the string exits. +No other library function, including +.BR perror (3), +will modify this string. +.P +Like +.BR strerror (), +the +.BR strerrordesc_np () +function returns a pointer to a string that describes the error +code passed in the argument +.IR errnum , +with the difference that the returned string is not translated +according to the current locale. +.P +The +.BR strerrorname_np () +function returns a pointer to a string containing the name of the error +code passed in the argument +.IR errnum . +For example, given +.B EPERM +as an argument, this function returns a pointer to the string "EPERM". +Given +.B 0 +as an argument, +this function returns a pointer to the string "0". +.\" +.SS strerror_r() +.BR strerror_r () +is like +.BR strerror (), +but might use the supplied buffer +.I buf +instead of allocating one internally. +This function is available in two versions: +an XSI-compliant version specified in POSIX.1-2001 +(available since glibc 2.3.4, but not POSIX-compliant until glibc 2.13), +and a GNU-specific version (available since glibc 2.0). +The XSI-compliant version is provided with the feature test macros +settings shown in the SYNOPSIS; +otherwise the GNU-specific version is provided. +If no feature test macros are explicitly defined, +then (since glibc 2.4) +.B _POSIX_C_SOURCE +is defined by default with the value +200112L, so that the XSI-compliant version of +.BR strerror_r () +is provided by default. +.P +The XSI-compliant +.BR strerror_r () +is preferred for portable applications. +It returns the error string in the user-supplied buffer +.I buf +of length +.IR buflen . +.P +The GNU-specific +.BR strerror_r () +returns a pointer to a string containing the error message. +This may be either a pointer to a string that the function stores in +.IR buf , +or a pointer to some (immutable) static string +(in which case +.I buf +is unused). +If the function stores a string in +.IR buf , +then at most +.I buflen +bytes are stored (the string may be truncated if +.I buflen +is too small and +.I errnum +is unknown). +The string always includes a terminating null byte (\[aq]\e0\[aq]). +.\" +.SS strerror_l() +.BR strerror_l () +is like +.BR strerror (), +but maps +.I errnum +to a locale-dependent error message in the locale specified by +.IR locale . +The behavior of +.BR strerror_l () +is undefined if +.I locale +is the special locale object +.B LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE +or is not a valid locale object handle. +.SH RETURN VALUE +The +.BR strerror (), +.BR strerror_l (), +and the GNU-specific +.BR strerror_r () +functions return +the appropriate error description string, +or an "Unknown error nnn" message if the error number is unknown. +.P +On success, +.BR strerrorname_np () +and +.BR strerrordesc_np () +return the appropriate error description string. +If +.I errnum +is an invalid error number, these functions return NULL. +.P +The XSI-compliant +.BR strerror_r () +function returns 0 on success. +On error, +a (positive) error number is returned (since glibc 2.13), +or \-1 is returned and +.I errno +is set to indicate the error (before glibc 2.13). +.P +POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 require that a successful call to +.BR strerror () +or +.BR strerror_l () +shall leave +.I errno +unchanged, and note that, +since no function return value is reserved to indicate an error, +an application that wishes to check for errors should initialize +.I errno +to zero before the call, +and then check +.I errno +after the call. +.SH ERRORS +.TP +.B EINVAL +The value of +.I errnum +is not a valid error number. +.TP +.B ERANGE +Insufficient storage was supplied to contain the error description string. +.SH ATTRIBUTES +For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see +.BR attributes (7). +.TS +allbox; +lb lb lbx +l l l. +Interface Attribute Value +T{ +.na +.nh +.BR strerror () +T} Thread safety T{ +.na +.nh +MT-Safe +T} +T{ +.na +.nh +.BR strerrorname_np (), +.BR strerrordesc_np () +T} Thread safety MT-Safe +T{ +.na +.nh +.BR strerror_r (), +.BR strerror_l () +T} Thread safety MT-Safe +.TE +.P +Before glibc 2.32, +.BR strerror () +is not MT-Safe. +.SH STANDARDS +.TP +.BR strerror () +C11, POSIX.1-2008. +.TP +.BR strerror_r () +.\" FIXME . for later review when Issue 8 is one day released... +.\" A future POSIX.1 may remove strerror_r() +.\" http://austingroupbugs.net/tag_view_page.php?tag_id=8 +.\" http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=508 +.TQ +.BR strerror_l () +POSIX.1-2008. +.TP +.BR strerrorname_np () +.TQ +.BR strerrordesc_np () +GNU. +.P +POSIX.1-2001 permits +.BR strerror () +to set +.I errno +if the call encounters an error, but does not specify what +value should be returned as the function result in the event of an error. +On some systems, +.\" e.g., Solaris 8, HP-UX 11 +.BR strerror () +returns NULL if the error number is unknown. +On other systems, +.\" e.g., FreeBSD 5.4, Tru64 5.1B +.BR strerror () +returns a string something like "Error nnn occurred" and sets +.I errno +to +.B EINVAL +if the error number is unknown. +C99 and POSIX.1-2008 require the return value to be non-NULL. +.SH HISTORY +.TP +.BR strerror () +POSIX.1-2001, C89. +.TP +.BR strerror_r () +POSIX.1-2001. +.TP +.BR strerror_l () +glibc 2.6. +POSIX.1-2008. +.TP +.BR strerrorname_np () +.TQ +.BR strerrordesc_np () +glibc 2.32. +.SH NOTES +.BR strerrorname_np () +and +.BR strerrordesc_np () +are thread-safe and async-signal-safe. +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR err (3), +.BR errno (3), +.BR error (3), +.BR perror (3), +.BR strsignal (3), +.BR locale (7), +.BR signal-safety (7) |